2014 Submitted JR Questions

Question 1

What are the two major sources of energy for the dairy cow?

Answer 1

fats and carbohydrates

Question 2

Which of the five major nutrients is most likely to be the limiting nutrient for the high producing dairy cow?

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

What is the most concentrated energy source in dairy cattle rations?

Answer 3

fats

Question 4

What are the building blocks of fats and lipids?

Answer 4

fatty acids

Question 5

Name the three basic elements contained in a carbohydrate.

Answer 5

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 6

Name a structural carbohydrate that a cow can use as a source of energy.

Answer 6

cellulose, hemicellulose

Question 7

Sugar, starch and pectin are known as what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 7

nonstructural

Question 8

Rumen microbes break down carbohydrates into what?

Answer 8

volatile fatty acids

Question 9

Which organ of the digestive system secretes enzymes into the small intestine?

Answer 9

pancread

Question 10

The building blocks of true proteins are known as what?

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

Name one of the two most limiting amino acids.

Answer 11

lysine, methionine

Question 12

Minerals needed in relatively large quantities are known by what name?

Answer 12

macrominerals

Question 13

Microminerals, those needed in relatively small quantities, are also known as what?

Answer 13

trace minerals

Question 14

Which of the macrominerals is needed by the dairy cow in the largest amount?

Answer 14

potassium

Question 15

The abbreviation “ppm” stands for what measurement?

Answer 15

parts per million

Question 16

Name the two ways in which vitamins can be classified.

Answer 16

fat-soluble, water-soluble

Question 17

What vitamin has a function that is similar to selenium?

Answer 17

vitamin E

Question 18

Which vitamin is essential for proper blood coagulation?

Answer 18

vitamin K

Question 19

Name two ways in which a cow excretes or loses water.

Answer 19

breathing, feces, milk, sweat, urine

Question 20

Performance, such as growth and milk production, will be reduced the quickest by a lack of which essential nutrient?

Answer 20

water

Question 21

What do the letters TMR stand for?

Answer 21

total mixed ration

Question 22

The gene is the basic unit of what?

Answer 22

inheritance

Question 23

In dairy cattle genetics, the threadlike strand of DNA, which carries the genes, is called the what?

Answer 23

chromosome

Question 24

In dairy cattle genetics, what do you call the position that a given gene occupies on the chromosome

Answer 24

locus

Question 25

In dairy cattle genetics, the genetic make-up of an individual animal is known as the what?

Answer 25

genotype

Question 26

In dairy cattle the color of the hair is an observed trait. The observed traits of an animal are referred to as the animal's what?

Answer 26

phenotype

Question 27

A record of ancestry is also known as a what?

Answer 27

pedigree

Question 28

The Nationa 4-H Dairy Cattle judging Contest is held each year during what dairy cattle show?

Answer 28

World Dairy Expo

Question 29

On the PDCA dairy heifer scorecard, which category is worth the most points?

Answer 29

frame

Question 30

On thePDCA dairy heifer scorecard, which category is worth just 10 points?

Answer 30

body capacity

Question 31

According to the PDCA Showmanship Evaluation Card, repeated striking of the animal is a reason for what action?

Answer 31

disqualification

Question 32

If you are in the judging circle, which side of the animal should you be on, when viewed from the rear?

Answer 32

left

Question 33

An acid is a substnace whose pH level is below what number?

Answer 33

7

Question 34

In dairy cattle, the manyplies is the common name for which stomach compartment?

Answer 34

omasum

Question 35

The tiny finger-like projections that lie the wall of the rumen are known as what?

Answer 35

papillae

Question 36

In dairy cattle, which stomach compartment secretes enzymes and acids?

Answer 36

abomasum, true stomach

Question 37

Hydrochloric acid is the primary acid found in which dairy cattle stomach compartment?

Answer 37

abomasum, true stomach

Question 38

The small intestine is divided into how many segments?

Answer 38

three

Question 39

Eructation is also known by what common name?

Answer 39

burping, belching

Question 40

In dairy cattle, hardware disease occurs in which stomach compartment?

Answer 40

reticulum

Question 41

In ruminants, the process of regurgitation, re-chewing, and re-swallowing is known as what?

Answer 41

rumination

Question 42

In which organ of the digestive tract are fats broken down?

Answer 42

small intestine

Question 43

For milking cows, how many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 43

10

Question 44

As soon as a dairy cow leaves the milking parlor, this is a peak time for the consumption of what nutrient?

Answer 44

water

Question 45

Biotin, riboflavin and niacin are all part of what complex vitamin?

Answer 45

vitamin B

Question 46

Water absorption and storage of waste materials are the main functions of which organ of the digestive system?

Answer 46

large intestine

Question 47

Any substance that can reduce changes in pH when an acid or alkali is added is known as a what?

Answer 47

buffer

Question 48

A dairy animal whose sire and dam of the same breed are registered or who are eligible to be registered in a herdbook, is known as a what?

Answer 48

purebred

Question 49

What is the first organ to receive blood from the small intestine?

Answer 49

liver

Question 50

Chyme is feed material found in which digestive organ?

Answer 50

small intestine