2016 Senior Exam

Question 1

What is the most common grain fed to dairy cows in the US?

Answer 1

corn

Question 2

What term describes a calf who is born tail and butt first?

Answer 2

breech

Question 3

What is the enzyme that breaks down butterfat?

Answer 3

lipase

Question 4

If calves are raised in drafty, damp or poor ventilated areas, what respiratory diesease are they likely to contract?

Answer 4

pneumonia

Question 5

Name three functions of potassium in the body.

Answer 5

regulates the body’s fluid balance; maintains normal blood pressure; needed for muscle activity and contraction

Question 6

What is the common name for bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 6

pink eye

Question 7

Acetic, butyric, and proprionic acids are produced in what part of the ruminant’s digestive system?

Answer 7

rumen

Question 8

The vulva becoming red and swollen is a sign of what in cattle?

Answer 8

heat or calving

Question 9

List the parts of the teat through which the milk passes.

Answer 9

teat cistern, teat sphincter muscle, teat canal (or streak canal)

Question 10

In adults, a calcium deficiency, along with other factors, may result in bone deterioration know as what?

Answer 10

osteoporosis

Question 11

What are two heat detection aids that can be used on a dairy farm?

Answer 11

heat expectancy charts, tail chalk, pedometers, pressure sensors, detector animals, electronic heat detection sysytems

Question 12

Name a liquid manure storage sructure.

Answer 12

lagoon, pit, slurry, tank, pond

Question 13

Name one reason brown midrib corn varieties are desirable in a lactating cow’s ration.

Answer 13

decreased lignin content, increased fiber digestibility

Question 14

Name three pasteurization methods..

Answer 14

batch; HTST - high temperature, short time; UHT - ultra high temperature

Question 15

What stomach compartment is called the honeycomb?

Answer 15

reticulum

Question 16

What is added to create veins and spots in cheese?

Answer 16

penicillum culture (or bacteria)

Question 17

What is the first step in milk processing, which includes milk processing and centrifugation to remove particles and sediments?

Answer 17

clarification

Question 18

Yogurt must contain a minimum of how much fat?

Answer 18

3.25%

Question 19

Name the 3 structural carbohydrates that make up Neutral Detergent Fiber.

Answer 19

cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin

Question 20

What is the liquid used in freezing and storing semen?

Answer 20

nitrogen

Question 21

Frozen colostrum can be safely stored for how long?

Answer 21

up to 1 year

Question 22

Name the unit of measure of energy in a feed.

Answer 22

calorie (with small c is amount of enegy needed to raise 1 g of water 1ºC)

Question 23

How many pounds of silage at 50% dry matter must be fed to have 1,000 pounds of dry matter?

Answer 23

2000 pounds

Question 24

Name four things required for proper composting.

Answer 24

air, moisture, nutrients, carbon

Question 25

Name the two gases associated with bloat?

Answer 25

carbon dioxide and bloat

Question 26

What new genetic defect has been discovered in the Holstein breed and is denoted by the letters HCD?

Answer 26

haplotype for cholesterol deficency

Question 27

What is the conditon that exists when an excessive amount of lymph accumulates between the skin and the secretory tissue of the udder?

Answer 27

edema

Question 28

What breed of dairy cattle originates in Scotland?

Answer 28

Ayrshire

Question 29

What test is used to identify Brucellosis in cattle?

Answer 29

milk ring test

Question 30

Name the 3 places where pathogenic organisms may gain entry into a newborn calf’s body?

Answer 30

nose, navel, mouth

Question 31

What is the predominant class of immunoglobulins found in bovine colostrum?

Answer 31

IgG

Question 32

What is the term for movement of nitrate through the soild to groundwater?

Answer 32

leaching

Question 33

How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of authentic Greek yogurt?

Answer 33

4 pounds

Question 34

How many inches of silage should be removed every day to reduce spoilage?

Answer 34

6 inches

Question 35

Name the season of the year when retained placenta incidence is the highest.

Answer 35

summer

Question 36

Under the direction of the National Milk Producers Federation, what management practice must have ended by Jan 1 of this year?

Answer 36

tail docking

Question 37

What does APHIS stand for?

Answer 37

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Question 38

Name the branch of biology that deals with the processes, activities and phenomena of life and living organisms.

Answer 38

physiology

Question 39

On average, what percentage of cows experience clinical milk fever, characterized by a blood calcium level less than 5mg/dL?

Answer 39

5%

Question 40

What cheese is not aged and spreads easily at room temperature?

Answer 40

cream cheese

Question 41

What term is given to the percent of services (think AI) that result in pregnancy?

Answer 41

conception rate

Question 42

How many pairs of chromosomes do dairy cattle have?

Answer 42

30 pairs

Question 43

Frozen custard must contain 10% milkfat and at least what percent egg yolk solids?

Answer 43

1.4%

Question 44

In which part of the cow’s reproductive tract does fertilization take place?

Answer 44

oviduct

Question 45

Feta cheese can be made from what two animal’s milk?

Answer 45

sheep and goats

Question 46

Of the major types of Class 1 milks, which is the most expensive?

Answer 46

whole milk

Question 47

What company is the largest processor and distributor of milk and dairy products in the US?

Answer 47

Nestle of the US

Question 48

In April 2014, the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory and the Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory were merged to form what new agency of the USDA?

Answer 48

Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory

Question 49

When forage testing feedstuffs, what do the letter NIR stand for?

Answer 49

near infared reflectance

Question 50

In December 2016 a new law known as VFA will go into effect requiring prescriptions for certain antimicrobials fed to cattle. What does VFD stand for?

Answer 50

Veterinary Feed Directive