2014 Major Nutrients - Carbohydrates

Question 1

Name the three elements which make up carbohydrates.

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

Which major nutrient is the main energy source for plants?

Answer 2

carbohydrates

Question 3

What are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

simple sugars

Question 4

Monosaccharides are classified according to the number of which atoms?

Answer 4

carbon atoms

Question 5

A monosaccharide with six carbon atoms is classified as a what?

Answer 5

hexose

Question 6

Name three common hexoses.

Answer 6

glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose

Question 7

Name a common pentose.

Answer 7

ribose

Question 8

The prefix “di” refers to how many?

Answer 8

two

Question 9

The prefix “poly” in polysaccharide means it contains how many monosaccharides?

Answer 9

many

Question 10

Name two common disaccharides.

Answer 10

lactose, sucrose

Question 11

Two monosaccharides joined together form a what?

Answer 11

disaccharide

Question 12

Which two monosaccharides combine to form lactose?

Answer 12

glucose, galactose

Question 13

The prefix “mono” refers to how many?

Answer 13

one

Question 14

The term saccharide refers to what common food?

Answer 14

sugar

Question 15

Starch, cellulose and hemicellulose are common examples of what?

Answer 15

polysaccharides

Question 16

Monosaccharides are converted by the rumen mircobes into what?

Answer 16

VFA - volatile fatty acids

Question 17

Name the three most common volatile fatty acids produced rumen microbes.

Answer 17

butyrate, acetate, proprionate

Question 18

Carbohydrates in feedstuffs are divided onto what two categories?

Answer 18

fiber, non-fiber

Question 19

Name the two fibrous carbohydrates.

Answer 19

cellulose, hemicellulose

Question 20

What two digestible fibrous carbohydrates are found in the cell walls of plants?

Answer 20

cellulose, hemicellulose

Question 21

Give an example of a non-fiber carbohydrate.

Answer 21

starch, pectin, sugar

Question 22

Why can’t monogastrics digest fibrous carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Because their stomachs do not contain the rumen microbes which can break down fibrous carbohydrates.

Question 23

Name the two tests used to measure the amount of fibrous carbohydrates in dairy rations.

Answer 23

1) neutral detergent fiber assay

2) acid detergent fiber assay

Question 24

What is the name of the fibrous carbohydrate that is unable to be digested, even by rumen microbes?

Answer 24

lignin

Question 25

Which test is used to predict how much feed a cow will be able to eat, without exceeding the capacity of her digestive system?

Answer 25

neutral detergent fiber

Question 26

Which test is used to predict the energy value of the feed, because of its association with digestibility?

Answer 26

acid detergent fiber

Question 27

Explain the common method used to determine the amount of non-fiber carbohydrates, and why this method must be used.

Answer 27

The amount of protein, NDF, mineral and fat content is added up and subtracted from 100, because the NFC (non-fiber carbohydrates) are difficult to measure directly.

Question 28

What number does the prefix “pent” represent?

Answer 28

five

Question 29

What number does the prefix “hex” represent?

Answer 29

six

Question 30

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 30

simple sugar