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Ruminant Digestion Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

When food leaves the mouth it travels down the esophagus by what action?

A

peristalsis

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2
Q

Name the first and largest compartment.

A

rumen

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3
Q

Name the compartment also known as the fermentation vat.

A

rumen

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4
Q

The rumen can hold how many gallons?

A

40-60 gallons

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5
Q

Name the two gases are produced in the rumen.

A

Methane, carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Bacteria, and protozoa are examples of what?

A

microorganisms

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7
Q

What purpose due the rumen bugs or microbes serve?

A

They break down the forages and grasses eaten by the dairy animal

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8
Q

Microbes provide 2/3 of what essential nutrient?

A

Protein

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9
Q

Rumen bugs are the reason ruminants can digest what?

A

Forages and grasses

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10
Q

What term describes the relationship between the microbes & the cow?

A

Symbiotic

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11
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

A relationship in which each organisms gains something

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12
Q

Name the compartment next to the rumen.

A

reticulum

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13
Q

Which compartment acts with the rumen to mix and store food?

A

reticulum

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14
Q

Which compartment is known as the honeycomb?

A

reticulum

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15
Q

The reticulum catches what so that it does not enter the omasum?

A

Large particles of feed

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16
Q

This compartment is known as the hardware stomach.

A

Reticulum

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17
Q

The compartment closest to the heart.

A

Reticulum

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18
Q

What does a farmer give cow to help prevent hardware disease?

A

Magnet

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19
Q

The third compartment of the digestive system is what?

A

Omasum

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20
Q

The omasum is also known as the what?

A

Manyplies

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21
Q

The term manyplies means what?

A

Many layers

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22
Q

Name the primary acid found in the abomasum.

A

Hydrochloric acid

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23
Q

What compartment is also known as the true stomach?

A

Abomasum

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24
Q

The abomasum is much like the human stomach because they both do what?

A

Secrete enzymes and acids

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25
What compartment helps to move food along to the small intestine?
Abomasum
26
After the abomasum, more digestion occurs here.
Small intestine
27
This is where most of the nutrients are absorbed.
Small intestine
28
Name the small structures that line the wall of the small intestine.
villi
29
Feed material found in the small intestine is called what?
chyme
30
This organ absorbs all remaining water and stores waste.
Large intestine
31
Undigested food and waste is excreted here.
Anus
32
What two structural carbohydrates are broken down in the rumen?
Cellulose, hemicellulose
33
Rumen microbes break down cellulose and hemicellulose into what?
Volatile fatty acids
34
Name the 3 volatile fatty acids produces in the rumen.
Butyrate, proprionate, acetate
35
Name the small projections that line the rumen.
papillae
36
What is another word for burping?
eructation
37
Name the three parts of the small intestine.
Ileum, jejunum, duodenum
38
Name the energy source that is broken down in the small intestine of the dairy cow.
fats
39
What is the most concentrated energy source in dairy cattle rations?
fats
40
What energy source contains 2.25 times the energy value of starch?
fats
41
What is the recommended maximum level of fat in a lactating cow's ration of dry matter.
5 to 7%
42
What is the first organ to receive blood from the small intestine?
liver
43
What organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine?
pancreas
44
Name the 4 main processes for which a cow uses her feed.
Growth, reproduction, milk production, maintenance
45
Any chemical substance that provides nourishment to the body is called a what?
nutrient
46
Name the 5 major nutrients contained in feedstuffs.
Protein, vitamin, minerals, energy(fats & carbohydrates), water
47
What is most likely to be the limiting nutrient for the high producing dairy cow?
energy
48
What are the building blocks of fats and lipids?
Fatty acids
49
Name an animal fat used in dairy cattle rations.
tallow
50
Name a protected fat used in dairy cattle ration
calcium soaps
51
Name two kinds of whole oil seeds used in dairy cattle ration
whole cottonseeds, whole soybeans
52
List the three basic elements contained in carbohydrates.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
53
What 2 structural carbohydrates (fiber carbohydrates) does the cow can use as a source of energy?
Cellulose, hemicellulose
54
What 3 nonstructural carbohydrates (non-fiber carbohydrates) are the highly digestible parts of feed?
Sugar, starch, pectin
55
Which volatile fatty acids is the primary source of energy and milkfat?
Acetic acid
56
Which volatile fatty acids is the precursor for glucose?
Proprionic acid
57
What is the major bufffer for maintaining optimum rumen pH?
saliva
58
How much saliva does the mature dairy cow produce each day?
50-80 quarts
59
Name 3 functions of saliva.
moistens food, lubricates food, acts as a buffer, provides a fluid base for nutrients, provides the proper environment for bacterial growth
60
How many teeth does a mature dairy cow have?
32 teeth, no upper front teeth
61
Chewing is also known as what?
mastication
62
Feed that a cow has regurgitated and is being re-chewed is called what?
cud
63
The process in ruminants when semi-liquid ingesta is regurgitated into the esophagus, re-chewed, and re-swallowed for further digestion is called what?
rumination
64
Name three types of organisms that live in the rumen.
bacteria, fungi, protozoa
65
What is the ideal rumen pH?
5.9 - 6.2
66
On the pH scale, what is neutral?
7
67
On the pH scale, would a low pH (1-6) be considered acidic or basic?
acidic
68
On the pH scale, would a high pH (8-14) be considered acidic or basic?
basic
69
If the pH of the rumen drops below 5.9, the rumen is considered what?
acidotic

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