6th - Science Chapter 4 notes

Question 0

What are the fragments that make up rocks?

Answer 0

Grains

Question 1

Is a natural, solid mixture of minerals or particles?

Answer 1

Rock

Question 2

What can a rock be classified according to?

Answer 2

1. Size
2. Shape
3. Chemical composition

Question 3

What do geologists do to rocks according to their composition and their texture?

Answer 3

Classify

Question 4

What is the size of grains in a rock and the other way the grains fit together?

Answer 4

Texture

Question 5

Texture can be used to determine the ____________ in which a rock formed.

Answer 5

Environment

Question 6

What is the material that makes up a rock called?

Answer 6

Composition

Question 7

What can the composition of a rock be used to determine?

Answer 7

1. Where the rock was formed

2. To interpret the conditions that existed when the rock formed.

Question 8

What are the three major rock types?

Answer 8

1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic

Question 9

What type of rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and crystallizes?

Answer 9

Igneous rocks

Question 10

What is the molten or liquid rock material below Earth’s surface called?

Answer 10

Magma

Question 11

What it is called when molten rock erupts on Earth’s surface?

Answer 11

Lava

Question 12

What type of rocks are formed where sediment is deposited?

Answer 12

Sedimentary rocks

Question 13

Name some forces that cause rocks to break down?

Answer 13

1. Wind
2. Running water
3. Ice
4. Gravity

Question 14

Sediment is rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or _________ in water as rocks erode.

Answer 14

Dissolved

Question 15

Sediment can be ___________ to new environments where they are deposited and form sedimentary rock.

Answer 15

Brought

Question 16

What type of rocks form when rocks are exposed to extreme temperatures and pressure or the addition of chemical fluids?

Answer 16

Metamorphic rocks

Question 17

The minerals that make up the rock’s composition can change as well as the ____________ or the arrangement of the individual mineral grains.

Answer 17

Texture

Question 18

In many cases, the change is so intense that the arrangement of the grains appears what?

Answer 18

Bent or twisted layers

Question 19

What type of rocks do metamorphic rocks form from?

Answer 19

Igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks

Question 20

Some processes of the rock cycle such as those associated extreme temperature, pressure and melting occur only where?

Answer 20

Beneath Earth’s surface

Question 21

What is a tectonic process that forces rocks onto Earth’s surface?

Answer 21

Uplift

Question 22

Igneous rocks form from molten rock in what forms?

Answer 22

Magma or lava

Question 23

Lava cools ___________ above earth’s surface.

Answer 23

Quickly

Question 24

Magma cools more _________ below Earth’s surface.

Answer 24

Slowly

Question 25

What type of igneous rock is formed when volcanic material erupts and cools and crystallizes on Earth’s surface?

Answer 25

Extrusive Rock

Question 26

Some extrusive rock cools so quickly that __________ do not have time to grow.

Answer 26

Crystals

Question 27

What is a rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to grow crystals?

Answer 27

Volcanic Glass

Question 28

What sometimes get trapped in the lava escape, leaving holes in the extrusive rock?

Answer 28

Bubbles

Question 29

What is igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground?

Answer 29

Intrusive Rock

Question 30

What does intrusive rock contain because the magma cools slowly?

Answer 30

Large crystals

Question 31

As with all types of rocks, what two characteristics can help to identity igneous rocks?

Answer 31

Texture and composition

Question 32

If the crystals are small or impossible to see without a magnifying lens, it is what type of rock?

Answer 32

Extrusive Rock

Question 33

If the crystals are large enough to see and have an interlocking texture, what type of rock is it?

Answer 33

Intrusive Rock

Question 34

Igneous rocks are classified, in part, due what in their content?

Answer 34

Silica

Question 35

What -colored minerals contain more silica?

Answer 35

Light-colored

Question 36

Magma composition, the location where lava or magma cools and crystallizes, and the ______________ determine the type of igneous rock that forms.

Answer 36

Cooling rate

Question 37

What and air can change the physical or chemical properties of rock?

Answer 37

Water

Question 38

This change can cause rock to break apart, to dissolve, or to form new what!

Answer 38

Minerals

Question 39

When water travels through rock, some elements of the rock can dissolve and be ____________ to new locations.

Answer 39

Transported

Question 40

The sediment eventually are ___________, or laid down, where they can then accumulate in layers.

Answer 40

Deposited

Question 41

What is the process called as young layers of sediment are deposited on top of old layers, the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases space between grains?

Answer 41

Compaction

Question 42

Compaction can lead to a process called what, in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize?

Answer 42

Cement action

Question 43

Sedimentary rocks are classified by how they what?

Answer 43

Are formed

Question 44

What are broken pieces and fragments called?

Answer 44

Class

Question 45

The size and _________ of the class help to determine which agent deposited it.

Answer 45

Shape

Question 46

Agents with enough energy to move large class, such as a fast-flowing River, tend to move ___________, well-rounded sediment.

Answer 46

Polished?????

Question 47

Calm environments, such as the bottom of a lake, tend to have ________ sediment.

Answer 47

Angular ????

Question 48

What form when minerals crystallize directly from water?

Answer 48

Xxx