6th - SS Chapter 12 The Roman Republic Notes Flashcards
What mountain range separates Italy from the rest of Europe to the north?
Alps
What city lies near the center of the Italian Peninsula?
Rome
What mountain range runs down the center of Italy?
Apennines
Despite its many mountains, Italy has what type of landscape compared to Greece?
A less rugged landscape- easier to move across
What provided plenty of transportation routes?
Many rivers
The large, flat plains and the peninsula’s volcanos allowed for what?
Plenty of land with fertile soil for farming
Ancient Rome was part of a region called what?
Latium
Although we do not know exactly how Rome was founded, legend says Rome was founded by whom?
Twins named Romulus and Remus
Who is believed to have help form Rome?
The Gods
When was Rome first settled?
800 B.C.
Where was Rome built?
By the Tiber River near where the river flows into the sea.
What was the center of Rome’s government, religion and economy?
Forum
What were some factors the helped Rome grow and prosper?
- City was built on seven hills which gave a natural defense against attack.
- Located on the Tiber River which gave it access to a port.
- Tiber River was too fast and dangerous for large ships to travel.
- Located on key trade routes
Rome began as a what?
City-state
What was Rome’s first form of government?
Monarchy- city was ruled by kings
What positions did kings hold?
Head of the army (led Romans in war), chief priest, supreme judge and built buildings in the Forum.
Roman kings led with the what of the wealthy aristocrats?
Consent
Who formed the body called the senate?
Older male aristocrats
Which Roman king mistreated his people?
The seventh king of Rome, Tarquin the Proud
Over time, Romans grew tired of royal rule (mistreatment) and did what?
Overthrew the king and formed a republic
What is a government in which citizens have the right to vote and elect officials?
A Republic
As Roman power grew, they came into contact with different Italian people’s. How did this affect them?
They borrowed from these different cultures
Who settled in Italy starting in 700 B.C. and influenced Roman culture?
The Greeks
What are some examples of these influences in Roman culture?
- Romans made Greek mythology their own by identifying their gods with those of the Greeks
A. Zeus to Jupiter
B. Hera to Juno
C. Athena to Minerva - Romans adopted Greek legends and here’s
Who were the most powerful people in central Italy when Rome was founded and influenced the Roman culture?
The Etruscans
Where did the Etruscans live?
In Etruria, a region just north of Latium
What were the Etruscans known for?
As skilled builders and traders
By when did Rome rule all of Italy?
By 200 B.C.
What was the basic unit of the Roman army called?
Legion
What was a unit of between 60 and 160 soldiers in the Roman army?
Maniple
What gave the Roman army an advantage?
Their fighting style
Roman soldiers were builders as well as fighters. What did they build?
A temporary fort every night as well as roads and bridges
How did Rome gain power?
With the help of its allies
What did Rome give its allies?
Citizenship in return for loyalty
The Roman Republic was a unique system of government which was a combination of what?
Aristocratic, democratic and monarchical
What was Roman government structured by?
A constitution
What was the main idea in Rome’s system of government?
Separation of powers
What was an example of separation of powers?
Splitting offices between two or more men
What were the two leaders they elected which held equal powers called?
Consul
What means to stop or cancel the action of a government official or body (each consul could do this to the other)?
Veto
