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From Flashcardlet > 6th - Science Chapter 13 Weather Notes > Flashcards

6th - Science Chapter 13 Weather Notes Flashcards

0
Q

Scientists who study and predict weather are _____________.

A

Meteorologists

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1
Q

The atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, make up the ______________ of a certain place at a certain time.

A

Weather

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2
Q

Air ________________ is the measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in the air. Molecules in warm air move ___________ than molecules in cooler air.

A

Temperature; faster

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3
Q

___________ is the pressure that a column of air exerts on the air or surface below it.

A

Air pressure

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4
Q

Air pressure decreases as altitude ______________.

A

Increases

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5
Q

A(n) _______________ is an instrument used to measure air pressure.

A

Barometer

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6
Q

_____________ is caused by air moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

A

Wind

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7
Q

In a south wind, the wind is coming from the __________.

A

South

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8
Q

The instrument used to measure wind speed is a(n) ______________.

A

Anemometer

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9
Q

The amount of water vapor in the air is ______________.

A

Humidity

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10
Q

When air is _____________, it holds the maximum amount of water vapor possible at that _______________.

A

Humid; temperature

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11
Q

____________ is the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at the temperature.

A

Relative Humidity

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12
Q

Relative humidity is reported as a(n) ______________.

A

Percentage

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13
Q

When air near the ground becomes saturated, the water vapor condenses into liquid and forms ________.

A

Dew

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14
Q

If the temperature is below 0 degrees C, ice crystals, referred to as ____________, form.

A

Frost

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15
Q

The temperature at which air becomes fully saturated because the temperature decreases while the amount of moisture stays constant is the _______________.

A

Dew point

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16
Q

As warm air rises in the atmosphere, it ______________.

A

X

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17
Q

________________ are water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere.

A

Clouds

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18
Q

____________ is a cloud that forms near the Earth’s surface.

A

Fog

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19
Q

_____________ clouds are flat, where, and layered.

A

Stratus

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20
Q

_____________ clouds are fluffy and are present at 2,000 to 6,000 m altitude.

A

Cumulus

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21
Q

_______________ clouds are wish and are present above 6,000 m altitude.

A

Cirrus

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22
Q

____________ is water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere.

A

Precipitation

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23
Q

Precipitation that falls as liquid water is ___________.

A

Rain

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24
Q

Precipitation that is solid crystals of ice is __________.

A

Snow

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25
Q

Precipitation that starts as snow and then melts and freezes again is called _____________.

A

Sleet

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26
Q

_____________ is precipitation formed when ice pellets rise and fall within a cloud, adding new layers of ice during each cycle.

A

Hail

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27
Q

The ________________ is the series of natural processes in which water continually moves among oceans, land, and the atmosphere.

A

Water cycle

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28
Q

Water enters the atmosphere as water vapor when liquid water on Earth’s surface ________________.

A

Evaporates

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29
Q

As water vapor cools, it ____________, forming liquid water.

A

Rises

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30
Q

Clouds produce _____________, which is when liquid or frozen water falls to Earth’s surface.

A

Precipitation

31
Q

A(n) _______________ is a large body of circulating air that has low pressure at its center and higher pressure on the outside.

A

Low-pressure system

32
Q

Air moves from __________ pressure to low pressure.

A

High

33
Q

In a low-pressure system, air moves away from the ___________ of the system.

A

Center

34
Q

Air in the center of the system ___________, and water vapor in it condenses and forms clouds.

A

Rises ???

35
Q

A(n) _____________ is a large body of circulating air that has high pressure at it center and lower pressure on the outside.

A

High-pressure system

36
Q

High-pressure air at the center ___________ and moves toward low-pressure areas.

A

Sinks ???

37
Q

High-pressure systems bring __________ skies.

A

Clear

38
Q

_____________ are large bodies of air that have distinct temperature and moisture characteristics.

A

Air masses

39
Q

An air mass forms when a(n) ______________ system lingers in one area for a few days.

A

High-pressure

40
Q

Continental polar air masses are _________________ and ________________.

A

Fast-moving and cold

41
Q

______________ air masses are warm and humid.

A

Maritime Tropical

42
Q

___________ air masses are very cold and dry. They form over ________ or arctic ice.

A

Arctic; Siberia

43
Q

A weather __________ is the boundary between two air masses.

A

Front

44
Q

A(n) _____________ front forms when a colder air mass moves toward a warmer air mass. If often brings severe ____________ and cooler temperatures.

A

Cold; storms

45
Q

A(n) ____________ front forms when a warmer air mass moves towards a cooler air mass.

A

Warm

46
Q

As the warm air rises, water vapor condenses, and _____________ often occurs.

A

Rain

47
Q

A warm front brings ___________ temperatures and shifting winds.

A

Warmer

48
Q

A(n) ____________ front forms when the boundary between two air masses stalls. It brings ___________ skies and light rain.

A

Stationary; cloudy

49
Q

A low-pressure system can provide the warm temperatures, moisture, and rising air needed for a(n) ____________ to form.

A

Occluded front

50
Q

The _____________ stage of a thunderstorm starts with cloud formation and updrafts.

A

Cumulus

51
Q

The _____________ stage of a thunderstorm contains heavy winds, rain, and lightning.

A

Mature

52
Q

During the ____________ stage of a thunderstorm, wind and rain subside.

A

Dissipation

53
Q

Lightning is caused by oppositely ________________ particles in clouds and on the ground.

A

Charged

54
Q

A violent, whirling column of air that contacts the ground is a(n) __________.

A

Tornadoes

55
Q

Tornadoes form when updrafts from the thunderstorms begin to _____________.

A

Rotate

56
Q

_______________ is the name for the part of the United States that has the most tornadoes.

A

Tornado Alley

57
Q

A(n) ____________ is an intense tropical storm with wind exceeding 119 km per hour.

A

Hurricane

58
Q

Hurricanes typically form in late summer over warm, tropical ____________ and are the largest type of severe storm.

A

Ocean water

59
Q

When a hurricane moves over land or __________ water, it loses energy.

A

Colder

60
Q

A(n) _______________ is a severe winter storm, characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow.

A

Blizzard

61
Q

The U.S. National Weather Service issues a(n) __________ when severe weather is possible. It issues a(n) ____________ when severe weather is already occurring.

A

Watches; warning

62
Q

Meteorologists measure ____________ before making forecast.

A

Conditions in the atmosphere

63
Q

A(n) _____________ describes a set of weather measurements made on Earth’s surface.

A

Surface Report

64
Q

Measurement include temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, and wind ___________ and ________.

A

Speed and direction

65
Q

A(n) _____________ describes wind, temperature, and humidity conditions above Earth’s surface.

A

Upper-air Report

66
Q

A(n) ____________ is a package of weather instruments that are carried into the atmosphere by a weather balloon.

A

Radiosonde

67
Q

Satellites provide weather information by measuring the ____________ given off by Earth and by taking photographs.

A

X

68
Q

______________ images provide information about cloud temperature and height.

A

Infrared

69
Q

____________ is a special form of radar that can be used to detect precipitation and approximate wind speed.

A

Doppler Radar

70
Q

The __________ model displays many weather measurements for a specific location. It appears on _____________.

A

Station; map

71
Q

Weather map have ____________, which are symbols made up of lines that connect places that have equal air pressure. These lines give information about ___________.

A

Isobar; wind speed

72
Q

______________ are lines that connect places that have the same temperature.

A

Isotherms

73
Q

____________ are represented as lines with symbols on them.

A

Fronts

74
Q

Modern weather forecasts are made with the help of ____________.

A

Computer models

75
Q

_______________ are detailed computer programs that solve a set of complex mathematical formulas. The formulas predict _____________, winds, precipitation, and types of clouds.

A

Computer models; temperature

76
Q

When the air cools enough that the ______________ is reached, small droplets of water form.

A

Dew point

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