6th - Science Chapter 5 notes

Question 0

***Over thousands of years, what breaks up rocks into smaller pieces?

Answer 0

Weathering

Question 1

***The chemical and physical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over time are called?

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

***Physical processes break rocks into smaller pieces, during what?

Answer 2

Mechanical Weathering

Question 3

Mechanical weathering does not change the what of the rock?

Answer 3

Chemical makeup

Question 4

When mechanical weathering breaks a large rock into smaller pieces, the total what of the rock increases?

Answer 4

Surface area

Question 5

Between sandy and clay soils, which soil holds more water and nutrients because it consists of smaller particles that have more surface area?

Answer 5

Clay

Question 6

***Water enters cracks in rocks and freezes in what? Water does what when it freezes and makes the cracks larger?

Answer 6

Ice wedging; expands

Question 7

***Grinding rock away by friction or impact is called what?

Answer 7

Abrasion

Question 8

***What growing in a crack in a rock and animals burrowing through loose rock can cause mechanical weathering?

Answer 8

Plants

Question 9

***The materials that make up rocks are changed into new materials during what?

Answer 9

Chemical Weathering

Question 10

***Water is an important agent of ______________ weathering because most substances ___________ in water.

Answer 10

Chemical; dissolve

Question 11

***What is a more powerful weathering agent then water?

Answer 11

Acid

Question 12

***The measure of acidity is called what?

Answer 12

pH

Question 13

***An acid has a pH less than what?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

***Rain weathers rock because rain is slightly what?

Answer 14

Acidic

Question 15

**What type of rain contains pollutants that make its pH less than 5?

Answer 15

Acid rain

Question 16

***Oxygen combines with other elements or molecules during what?

Answer 16

Oxidation

Question 17

Most oxygen used in oxidation comes from where?

Answer 17

The air

Question 18

***What is the product of oxidation?

Answer 18

Oxide

Question 19

Oxides are useful because they form ___________, which people use to obtain metals.

Answer 19

Ores?

Question 20

What part of a rock oxidizes the most because it has more contact with oxygen in the air?

Answer 20

Outer layer

Question 21

***Mechanical and chemical weathering depend on ____________ and temperature.

Answer 21

Water

Question 22

***Mechanical weathering occurs fastest in areas that have a lot of ___________ changes.

Answer 22

Temperature

Question 23

***Chemical weathering is fastest where the climate is warm and _________.

Answer 23

Wet

Question 24

***Overall, weathering occurs fastest in regions near where?

Answer 24

The equator

Question 25

The type of ________ also affects how fast weathering occurs.

Answer 25

Rock

Question 26

The most easily weathered ___________ in a rock determines how quickly the rock weathers.

Answer 26

Mineral

Question 27

***What is a mixture of weathered rock, decayed organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air?

Answer 27

Soil

Question 28

'’..About half the volume of soil is made of what?

Answer 28

Solid materials

Question 29

$$$$$Soil also contains water, other liquids and _________.

Answer 29

Gases

Question 30

What can flow through soil because pores are present?

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

$$$The movement of water through pores is called what?

Answer 31

Xxxx

Question 32

$$$What is the solid part of soil once part of living organisms called?

Answer 32

Organic matter

Question 33

$$$Organic matter forms when once-living material undergoes ______________ by organisms in the soil.

Answer 33

Decomposition

Question 34

$$$Organic matter helps hold water and ______________ in the soil.

Answer 34

Plant nutrients

Question 35

$$$What is the part of soils made from materials, such as rock fragments, that have never been alive?

Answer 35

Inorganic

Question 36

There are five what of soil formation?

Answer 36

Factors

Question 37

$$$

What is the starting material of soil called?

Answer 37

Parent material

Question 38

Parent material is made of the rock or ____________ that weathers and forms soil.

Answer 38

Sediment

Question 39

The particle size and type of parent material can determine what of the soil that develops?

Answer 39

Properties

Question 40

What is the average weather of an area called?

Answer 40

Climate

Question 41

Where can soil form rapidly?

Answer 41

In warm, wet climates

Question 42

What is the shape and steepness of the landscape?

Answer 42

Topography

Question 43

What is all the organisms that live in a region called?

Answer 43

Biota

Question 44

Some biota in the soil form passages for ________ to move through.

Answer 44

Water

Question 45

As time passes, weathering is constantly acting on ________ and sediment.

Answer 45

Rock

Question 46

Soil formation is a __________, but slow process.

Answer 46

Constant

Question 47

What are the layers of soil formed from the product of weathering?

Answer 47

Horizons

Question 48

There are _________ horizons common to most soil.

Answer 48

Three

Question 49

$$$What is the part of the soil you are most likely to see when you dig a shallow hole; it contains most of the organic matter in the soil?

Answer 49

A-Horizon

Question 50

$$$What usually contains a great deal of clay particles?

Answer 50

B-Horizon

Question 51

$$$What consists of parent material?

Answer 51

C-Horizon

Question 52

What determines the best use of the soil?

Answer 52

The properties of the soil

Question 53

Plants depend on the _________ that come from organic matter and the weathering of rocks.

Answer 53

Nutrients

Question 54

***How many major soil types in the world?

Answer 54

12

Question 55

Soil type depends partly on what?

Answer 55

Climate