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PathMad > Chapter 1: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment: Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment: Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

evaluation of the cellular components of the blood, rbc count, wbc count, hematocrit, etc

A

complete blood count

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2
Q

measurement of the oxygen-carrying pigment of the red blood cells

A

hemoglobin

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3
Q

measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of whole blood

A

hematocrit

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4
Q

measurement of hemoglobin to which glucose is bound; also known as Hemoglobin A1C

A

glycohemoglobin

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5
Q

normal chemistry profiles may contain blood serum levels for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, etc.

A

chemistries

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6
Q

thyroid thyroxine (T4), and T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

thyroid function tests

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7
Q

total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

A

Lipid profile

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8
Q

blood serum test for chloride, potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide

A

electrolytes (lytes)

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9
Q

partial thromboplastin time (PTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelet (thrombocyte) count, bleeding times

A

clotting and coagulation studies

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10
Q

the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) fall out of well-mixed whole blood to the bottom of the test tube

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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11
Q

fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels

A

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

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12
Q

drug screens

A

toxicology studies

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13
Q

digoxin, digitoxin, theophylline, lidocaine, lithium, and various drugs for therapeutic and/or toxic levels

A

drug levels

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14
Q

measurement of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. measures pH and O2 saturation of the arterial blood

A

arterial blood gases (ABG) analysis

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15
Q

creatine kinase (CK), Ck isoenzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), ect.

A

cardiac enzymes

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16
Q

a blood test used to detect material infection and inflammatory disorders; an indicator of possible acute myocardial infarction

A

C-reactive protein

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17
Q

a screening test using a urine specimen that gives a picture of the patient’s overall state of health and the state of the urinary tract

A

Urinalysis (UA)

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18
Q

sample of urine specimen is placed in/on culture medium to see whether microbial growth occurs.

A

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

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19
Q

a record of the electrical of the myocardium used to diagnose ischemia, arrhythmias, conduction difficulties, and activity of cardiac medications

A

electrocardiogram

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20
Q

an ultrasound examination of the cardiac structure to define the size, shape, thickness, position, and movements of cardiac structures, including valves, walls, and chambers

A

echocardiogram

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21
Q

a miniature electrocardiograph that records the electrical activity of the heart for an extended period of time, usually 24 to 48 hours

A

Holter Monitor

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22
Q

a scan to indicate myocardial profusion and the location and extent of myocardial ischemia and/or infarction and to predict the possible prognosis of the cardiac condition

A

thallium scan

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23
Q

a scan that assesses the function of the left ventricle and identifies abnormalities of the myocardial walls

A

MUGA scan

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24
Q

an assessment of cardiac function during moderate exercise after a 12-lead electrocardiogram

A

stress testing, treadmill, exercise tolerance testing

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25
Q

an instrument that provides a noninvasive measurement of O2 saturation of the arterial blood

A

pulse oximeter

26
Q

fluoroscopic visualization of right or left side of heart by passing a catheter into right or left chamber and injecting dye

A

cardiac catheterization

27
Q

Visualization of internal organs and structures by electromagnetic radiation; bone, abdomen, chest, kidneys, etc.

A

radiographs

28
Q

uses a magnetic field instead of radiation to visualize internal tissues

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

29
Q

a radiographic technique using a scanner system that can provide images of the internal structure of tissue and organs both geographically and characteristically

A

computed tomography (CT)

30
Q

a highly specialized imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive material to produce three-dimensional colored images that reveal how body tissues and organs are functioning

A

positron emission tomography (PET)

31
Q

a real-time imaging process that proves continuous visualization of the area undergoing radiography

A

fluoroscopy

32
Q

a beam of sound waves is projected into target tissues or organs, resulting in a bouncing back of the waves off the target structure

A

sonogram, ultrasound, echogram

33
Q

an imaging examination of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. contrast medium (dye) and/or air are injected into the subarachnoid space and recorded on radiographic film

A

myelogram

34
Q

tests for occult blood in stool

A

guaiac tests

35
Q

microscopic studies of sputum, including culture and sensitivity, acid-fast bacteria culture and stain, Gram stain, and cytology studies

A

sputum studies

36
Q

visual inspection of internal organs and/or cavities of the body using appropriate scope

A

endoscopy

37
Q

visualization of the stomach by a gastroscope

A

gastroscopy

38
Q

visualization of the colon with a colonoscope

A

colonoscopy

39
Q

visualization of the sigmoid portion of the colon and the rectum with a sigmoidoscope

A

sigmoidoscopy

40
Q

visualization of the rectum with a proctoscope

A

proctoscopy

41
Q

visualization of the structures of the urinary tract with a cystoscope

A

cystoscopy

42
Q

visualization of the cervical epithelium, vagina, and vulvar epithelium with a colposcope

A

colposcopy

43
Q

visualization of the trachea and bronchi with a bronchoscope

A

bronchoscopy

44
Q

the patient blows into a flowmeter to determine the volume of an expiratory effort

A

peak flow

45
Q

a measurement of lung capacity, volume, and flow rates by spirometer

A

spirometry

46
Q

a test for asthma in which measurement of lung volumes is taken before and after the inhalation of methacholine, a bronchial constrictor

A

Methacholine challenge

47
Q

tidal volume, expiratory receive volume, residual volume, and inspiratory reserve volume

A

pulmonary function

48
Q

aspiration of bone marrow by needle from the sternum, posterior or superior iliac spine, or the anterior iliac crest for diagnosis of neoplasms, metastasis, and blood disorders

A

bone marrow studies

49
Q

studies of the functioning or nonfunctioning of the patient’s immune system

A

immune and immunoglobulin studies

50
Q

analysis of blood specimens for antigen-antibody reactions; used to detect bacterial infections, including syphilis, Lyme disease, chlamydia, and streptococcal infections

A

serologic testing

51
Q

the excision o tissue from the living body, followed by microscopic examination, for purpose of exact diagnosis

A

biopsies

52
Q

a surgical procedure ti withdraw spinal fluid for analysis

A

lumbar puncture (LP)

53
Q

a recording of the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex of the brain

A

electroencephalogram (EEG)

54
Q

an electrodiagnostics assessment and recording of the activity of the skeletal muscles

A

electromyogram (EMG)

55
Q

used in the diagnosis of pernicious anemia and peptic ulcers

A

gastric analysis

56
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). used in diagnosis of pregnancy, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and uterine pathology

A

pregnancy tests

57
Q

used to identify gram-positive or gram-negative microorganisms of infectious process

A

gram stain

58
Q

an intradermal injection of tuberculin is done usually on the inner aspect of the lower arm.

A

Tuberculosis (TB) screening; Mantoux test

59
Q

a serum blood test to determine the level of PSA. increased levels may indicate benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostate cancer, or inflammatory conditions of the prostate

A

Prostatic-specific Antigen (PSA) test

60
Q

a cytologic examination of cells that have been scraped or aspirated from the cervix and cervical os

A

Pap (Papnicolaou) smear

61
Q

a radiographic examination of the breasts tissue. screen is done on an annual basis for women older than 40 years of age to detect the presence of breast disease

A

mammogram

PathMad (140 decks)

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