Chapter 7: Diseases and Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System: Overview

Question 1

all muscles are composed of a basic cellular unit called

Answer 1

muscle fiber

Question 2

what are the three types of muscle tissues

Answer 2

striated (skeletal)
non-striated (smooth)
cardiac

Question 3

point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone is referred to as

Answer 3

the origin

Question 4

point of attachment to a bone that is moved by the muscle is referred to as

Answer 4

the insertion

Question 5

composed of 206 bones

Answer 5

skeletal system

Question 6

blood cells are formed in a process called

Answer 6

hematopoiesis

Question 7

bones develop through a process called

Answer 7

osteogenesis

Question 8

cartilage tissue, which is replaced gradually by bone cells in a process called

Answer 8

ossification

Question 9

what type of muscle are striated

Answer 9

skeletal

cardiac

Question 10

what type of muscle is non-striated

Answer 10

smooth

Question 11

what type of muscle is voluntary

Answer 11

skeletal muscle

Question 12

what type of muscle is involuntary

Answer 12

cardiac

smooth

Question 13

strong and have broad ends and large surface areas for muscle attachment

Answer 13

long bones

Question 14

have small, irregular shapes. more cube shaped

Answer 14

short bones

Question 15

cover soft body parts

Answer 15

scapula

Question 16

are small and rounded and found knee joints

Answer 16

sesamoid bones

Question 17

what is the biggest sesamoid bone

Answer 17

patella (kneecap)

Question 18

are varied in size and shape and have no distinct shape

Answer 18

irregular bones

Question 19

what are examples of irregular bones

Answer 19

vertebrae

skull bones

Question 20

body structures in which bones are joined or the surface of two bones come together for the purpose of creating motion

Answer 20

joints or articulations

Question 21

what are the three structural classifications of joints

Answer 21

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 22

what are the structural classification of joints

Answer 22

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

Question 23

what are synarthrosis joint examples

Answer 23

sutures in the skull

Question 24

what are amphiarthrosis joint examples

Answer 24

pubic symphysis

vertebrae

Question 25

what are diarthrosis joint examples

Answer 25

knee and elbow joint

Question 26

degree of movement a joint has is called

Answer 26

range of motion (ROM)

Question 27

tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together

Answer 27

ligaments

Question 28

ligaments overstretched and sustain partial or complete tears

Answer 28

sprain

Question 29

ligaments torn completely loose rom their attachment to a bone

Answer 29

avulsion

Question 30

tough strands, or cords, of dense connective tissue

Answer 30

tendons

Question 31

is a specialized flat band of tissue located just below the skin that covers and separates underlying tissues, commonly muscle layers

Answer 31

fascia

Question 32

inflamed or injured fascia is referred to as

Answer 32

Fasciitis

Question 33

closed sacs or cavities of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane

Answer 33

bursae

Question 34

abnormal growths, whether benign or malignant, within the muscles or bones

Answer 34

Musculoskeletal Tumors

Question 35

fracture where the overlying skin is intact

Answer 35

closed or simple fracture

Question 36

fracture with skin overlying the bone ends is not intact

Answer 36

open or compound fracture

Question 37

fracture extends along the length of the bone

Answer 37

longitudinal fracture

Question 38

fracture is at right angles to the axis of the bone

Answer 38

Transverse fracture

Question 39

fracture extends in an oblique direction

Answer 39

oblique fracture

Question 40

the fracture is on one side of the bone; the other side is bent

Answer 40

Greenstick fracture

Question 41

The bone is splintered or crushed into pieces

Answer 41

comminuted fracture

Question 42

the fracture ends of the bone are driven into each other

Answer 42

Impacted fracture

Question 43

fracture results from weakening of the bones by disease

Answer 43

pathologic fracture

Question 44

the bone ends remain in alignment

Answer 44

nondisplaced fracture

Question 45

the bone ends are out of alignment

Answer 45

displaced fracture

Question 46

the fracture results from a twisting mechanism, causing the break to wind around the bone

Answer 46

Spiral fracture

Question 47

excessive pressure causes the bone to collapse

Answer 47

compression fracture

Question 48

tearing away of muscle or a ligament is accompanied by tearing away of a bone fragment

Answer 48

Avulsion fracture

Question 49

bone fragments of the skull are driven inward

Answer 49

depression fracture

Question 50

unpleasant complication that sometimes follows an amputation, especially of a leg, and is difficult to treat. the feeling that the limb still is attached

Answer 50

phantom limb pain

Question 51

surgical procedure used to examine the structure within a joint using a tubelike viewing instrument

Answer 51

arthroscopy

Question 52

small tube that contains optical fibers and lenses to view a joint

Answer 52

arthroscope