Chapter 9: Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory System: Terms

Question 1

is an acute inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane that lines the upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Question 2

acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 2

Sinusitis

Question 3

is an acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the pharynx

Answer 3

Pharyngitis (sore throat)

Question 4

tumors arise in the area of the pharynx, which opens into the nasal cavity anteriorly and the oropharynx inferiorly. not strongly linked to tobacco use

Answer 4

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Question 5

inflammation of the larynx (hoarseness), including the vocal cords

Answer 5

Laryngitis

Question 6

crooked nasal septum (cartilage potion between the nostrils)

Answer 6

Deviated Septum

Question 7

are benign growths that form as a consequence of distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity

Answer 7

Nasal Polyps

Question 8

impairment or loss of the sense of smell

Answer 8

Anosmia

Question 9

hemorrhage from the nose

Answer 9

Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Question 10

growths or tumors on the larynx. may either be benign or malignant

Answer 10

Tumors of the Larynx

Question 11

describes a neoplasms of the larynx, the part of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea that houses the vocal cords

Answer 11

Laryngeal Cancer

Question 12

is the coughing or spitting up of blood from the respiratory tract

Answer 12

Hemoptysis

Question 13

is an airless or collapsed state of the pulmonary tissue/lung

Answer 13

Atelectasis

Question 14

occurs when a blood clot or other material lodges in and occludes an artery in the pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 15

infection inflammation of the lungs

Answer 15

Pneumonia

Question 16

cavity of contained infectious material is the lung

Answer 16

Pulmonary Abscess

Question 17

is a pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila

Answer 17

Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever)

Question 18

inflammatory and infectious condition of the lungs, is most common in infants, young children, and the elder

Answer 18

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia

Question 19

is a fungal disease originating in the lungs that is caused by inhalation of dust containing Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 19

Histoplasmosis

Question 20

generalized, highly contagious, acute viral disease that occurs in annual outbreaks

Answer 20

Influenza

Question 21

is inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the bronchi

Answer 21

Bronchitis

Question 22

is the permanent, irreversible dilation or distortion of one or more of the bronchi, resulting from destruction of muscular and least potions of the bronchial walls

Answer 22

Bronchiectasis

Question 23

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder characterized by destructive changes in the alveolar walls and irreversible enlargement of alveolar air spaces

Answer 23

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 24

is any disease of the lung caused by long-term mineral dust inhalation

Answer 24

Pneumoconiosis

Question 25

is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the pleural cavity

Answer 25

Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

Question 26

is a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that results in a collapsed or partially collapsed lung

Answer 26

Pneumothorax

Question 27

is the accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity

Answer 27

Hemothorax

Question 28

is a condition of instability in the chest wall caused by multiple rib fractures; the sternum also may be fractured

Answer 28

Flail Chest

Question 29

is a chronic, acute, or subacute infection of the lungs by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Answer 29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 30

also known as glandular fever, an acute herpesvirus infection. transmitted by kissing, sharing drinks, etc

Answer 30

Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Question 31

is a type of acute lung injury, characterized by severe pulmonary congestion, acute respiratory distress, and hypoxemia

Answer 31

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 32

is a multi system granulomatous (small lesions of inflamed cells) disorder most commonly detected in the lungs

Answer 32

Sarcoidosis

Question 33

is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide for both men and women, accounting for almost 30% of all cancer deaths. usually caused by repeated carcinogenic irritation to the bronchial epithelium, leading to increased rates of cell division

Answer 33

Lung Cancer