Chapter 3: Immunologic Diseases and Conditions: Overview

Question 1

responsible for the complex response to the invasion of the body by foreign substances

Answer 1

immune system

Question 2

primary lymphoid tissue is

Answer 2

thymus gland

bone marrow

Question 3

secondary lymphoid tissue is

Answer 3

tonsils 
adenoids 
spleen 
Peter's patches
Appendix

Question 4

immune system reacts appropriately to an antigen and homeostasis is maintained is termed

Answer 4

immunocompetent

Question 5

immune system does not react appropriately to an antigen and there is a disruption to homeostasis

Answer 5

immunoincompetence

Question 6

what is hyperactive responses in the immune system

Answer 6

allergies

Question 7

what is it in which the immune response is inadequate

Answer 7

immunodeficiency

Question 8

what is in which the immune response is misdirected against one’s own tissues

Answer 8

autoimmune

Question 9

an example of attacks on beneficial foreign tissue

Answer 9

blood transfusion reaction

Question 10

an anti rejection drug is termed; suppress the production of antibodies to the foreign tissue proteins

Answer 10

immunosuppressive

Question 11

a graft of tissue between two genetically dissimilar individuals of the same species

Answer 11

homografts

Question 12

reaction occurs during the operation

Answer 12

hyperacute reaction

Question 13

reaction occurs most often within the first few weeks of transplantation

Answer 13

acute rejection

Question 14

evolves slowly over a period of months or years. deterioration of transplanted organ

Answer 14

chronic rejection

Question 15

bodies first line of defense

Answer 15

skin

Question 16

usually a protein, as foreign, or non-self

Answer 16

immunogen or antigen

Question 17

what are the three cells in non-specific defense

Answer 17

natural killer (NK) cells
Macrophages
polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Question 18

kill virus infected cells and tumor cells by secreting certain toxins

Answer 18

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 19

phagocytose bacteria, virus, and other foreign substances

Answer 19

macrophages

Question 20

also phagocytose bacteria; simply neutrophils

Answer 20

polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)

Question 21

stem cells from the thymus gland become

Answer 21

T-lymphocytes

Question 22

directly destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and allograft cells by releasing certain toxins or by inducing apoptosis

Answer 22

Cytotoxic T cells (killer T cells) (CD8)

Question 23

stimulate the B cells to differentiate into plasma cells and to produce more antibodies; activate cytotoxic t cells

Answer 23

Helper T cells (CD4)

Question 24

inhibit both B and T cell activities and moderate the immune response

Answer 24

Suppressor T cells

Question 25

remain dormant until they are reactivated by the original antigen; allow a more rapid and more potent response years after original exposure

Answer 25

Memory T cells

Question 26

cell-mediated immunity involves what cells

Answer 26

T-cells

Question 27

develop from monocytes and are phagocytic

Answer 27

macrophages

Question 28

defends the body against viral and fungal attacks, mediates graft rejection and tumor cell destruction, and helps or suppresses an antibody-mediated response to infection

Answer 28

cell-mediated immunity

Question 29

protects the body against bacterial and viral infections and reinfections

Answer 29

anti-body mediated immunity

Question 30

anti-body mediated immunity involves what cells

Answer 30

B-cells

Question 31

what are the two types of B-cells

Answer 31

anti-body secreting plasma cells

memory B cells

Question 32

what does actions of he antigen-antibody complex do

Answer 32

inactivation of the pathogen

stimulation of phagocytosis

Question 33

major antibody in primary and secondary immune responses; inactivates antigen; neutralizes toxins; crosses placenta to provide immunity for newborn; responsible for Rh reactions

Answer 33

IgG

Question 34

where are IgG located

Answer 34

blood plasma

Question 35

protects mucous membranes on body surfaces; provides immunity for newborns

Answer 35

IgA

Question 36

where are IgA located

Answer 36

saliva, mucus, tears, breast milk

Question 37

causes antigens to clump together; responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood typing system

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

where are IgM located

Answer 38

B-cells; released in plasma during immune response;

Question 39

receptor site for antigens on B cells; binding with antigen results in B-cella activation

Answer 39

IgD

Question 40

where are IgD located

Answer 40

B-cells

Question 41

binds to mast cells and basophils, causing release of histamine; allergic reactions

Answer 41

IgE

Question 42

where are IgE located

Answer 42

produced by plasma cells in mucous membranes and tonsils

Question 43

results when a person has had previous exposure to a disease or pathogen, or when a person receives immunization against a disease to stimulate production of a specific antibody

Answer 43

active immunity

Question 44

bypasses the body’s immune response to afford the benefit of immediate antibody availability

Answer 44

passive immunity

Question 45

natural active immunity includes

Answer 45

contracting the disease and produce memory cells; chickenpox

Question 46

artificial active immunity includes

Answer 46

receiving a vaccination

Question 47

passive natural immunity includes

Answer 47

maternal antibodies from placenta; breast milk

Question 48

passive artificial immunity includes

Answer 48

receive antiserum with antibodies from another host; anti-venom

Question 49

increase susceptibility to other diseases that usually a normal healthy person can’t contract

Answer 49

opportunistic infections

Question 50

lung infection associated with AIDS

Answer 50

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Question 51

of the two pathogens: blood borne and airborne which more easily spreads

Answer 51

airborne

Question 52

medical doctor who specializes in the nonsurgical treatment of rheumatic illnesses, especially arthritis

Answer 52

rheumatologist

Question 53

connective tissue is made of

Answer 53

collagen