Chapter 9: Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory System: Diagnosis

Question 1

What is the diagnosis of Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Traction Infection

Answer 1

symptoms described by patient; culture of nasal discharge and sputum may be needed

Question 2

What is the diagnosis of Sinusitis

Answer 2

evaluating the findings of physical examination; sinuscopy;

Question 3

What is the diagnosis of Pharyngitis

Answer 3

physical examination shows red, swollen mucous membranes; for chronic identify source

Question 4

What is the diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Answer 4

full clinical exam of head and neck and endoscopic examination; fine-needle aspiration biopsy

Question 5

What is the diagnosis of Laryngitis

Answer 5

mildly or highly inflamed mucosa, and vocal cord movement may be limited

Question 6

What is the diagnosis of Deviated Septum

Answer 6

nasal speculum to see if undetected

Question 7

What is the diagnosis of Nasal Polyps

Answer 7

examines in the nose with nasal speculum; pearly gray lumps

Question 8

What is the diagnosis of Anosmia

Answer 8

no physical abnormality or patient history reveals no cause; see neurologist then

Question 9

What is the diagnosis of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Answer 9

history regarding frequency of nosebleeds, whether injury, or systemic disease present

Question 10

What is the diagnosis of Tumors of the Larynx

Answer 10

otolaryngologist examines; biopsy to determine whether malignant

Question 11

What is the diagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer

Answer 11

diagnosed early because of hoarseness occurs early; fiberoptic endoscopy aloows visualization of larynx

Question 12

What is the diagnosis of Hemoptysis

Answer 12

determining source of bleeding; visual examination of nasopharynx; determine underlying cause

Question 13

What is the diagnosis of Atelectasis

Answer 13

radiographic chest films; physical examination; CT scans; Bronchoscopy

Question 14

What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 14

clinical picture along with history of physical immobility; lung scans; CT angiography

Question 15

What is the diagnosis of Pneumonia

Answer 15

physical examination; ABG’s; bronchoscopy; sputum and culture

Question 16

What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Abscess

Answer 16

decreased breath sounds reveal on chest auscultation

Question 17

What is the diagnosis of Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever)

Answer 17

radiographic chest studies and testing of blood samples; culture from sputum to ID Legionella bacterium

Question 18

What is the diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Answer 18

lavage of nasal pharynx examined for presence of RSV

Question 19

What is the diagnosis of Histoplasmosis

Answer 19

positive skin test result; blood serologic findings specific for fungus; radiographic chest films

Question 20

What is the diagnosis of Influenza

Answer 20

similar to common cold, amount of time passed since onset is most important; may suspect TB

Question 21

What is the diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 21

basis of patient’s symptoms and history; radiographic chest studies, PFT’s, ABG’s

Question 22

What is the diagnosis of Bronchiectasis

Answer 22

radiographic chest films; high-resolution CT scan; PFT’s

Question 23

What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Emphysema

Answer 23

clinical examination and thorough patient history; exposure to respiratory irratants and cigarette smoking lead to finding it; rhonchi experienced

Question 24

What is the diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis

Answer 24

patient history and physical examination; radiographic chest studies; PFT’s; ABG’s

Question 25

What is the diagnosis of Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

Answer 25

symptoms, history, and physical examination; pleural rub on auscultation; Thoracostomy

Question 26

What is the diagnosis of Pneumothorax

Answer 26

radiographic films show air in pleural cavity, collapsed portion of the lung, and mediastinal shift

Question 27

What is the diagnosis of Hemothorax

Answer 27

breath sounds diminished or absent; radiographs show blood in pleural space; ABG shows respiratory failure

Question 28

What is the diagnosis of Flail Chest

Answer 28

history of chest trauma and observing paradoxical movement of chest wall

Question 29

What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Answer 29

Mantoux test (purified protein derivative or PPD test)-standard test

Question 30

What is the diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Answer 30

examination of blood smear and immunologic study of blood serum; antinuclear antibody (ANA); EBV serology

Question 31

What is the diagnosis of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 31

underlying cause such as trauma, pneumonia, fulminating sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, hypovolemic shock, etc.

Question 32

What is the diagnosis of Sarcoidosis

Answer 32

difficult to detect; laboratory tests and pulmonary function studies are helpful; biopsy of affected tissue confirms

Question 33

What is the diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Answer 33

symptomatic at time of diagnosis; sputum cytology analysis that is positive for malignant cells is useful for diagnosis