Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Terms

Question 1

occurs when light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina rather than on the retina which requires refocusing by the internal lens or the use of an external corrective lens to reposition the viewed object on the retina to sharpen the image

Answer 1

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

Question 2

is the result of light rays entering the eye being focused in front of the retina, causing blurred vision

Answer 2

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Question 3

is an irregular focusing of the light rays entering the eye. caused by the corner not being spherical

Answer 3

Astigmatism

Question 4

is the inability of the internal lens of the eye to focus on near objects due to loss of elasticity of the lens

Answer 4

Presbyopia

Question 5

is an involuntary, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Answer 5

Nystagmus

Question 6

a visual defect of misalignment, is failure of the eyes to look in the same direction at the same time, which primarily occurs because of the weakness in the nerves stimulating the muscles that control the position of the eye

Answer 6

Strabismus

Question 7

are acute, focal inflammatory infections of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids

Answer 7

Hordeolum (Stye)

Question 8

is a small firm, nonmotile, painless, subcutaneous nodule on the margin o body of the eyelid; occur with occlusion of the meibomian glands

Answer 8

Chalazion

Question 9

inflammation or infection of the cornea

Answer 9

Keratitis

Question 10

inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands

Answer 10

Blepharitis

Question 11

the eyelid margins (more often the margin of just the lower lid) turn inward, causing the lashes to rub the conjunctiva

Answer 11

Entropion

Question 12

the lower eyelid everts from the eyeball, and the exposed surface of the eyeball and the lining of the eyelid become dry and irritated

Answer 12

Ectropion

Question 13

is a permanent drooping of the upper eyelid, such that it is partially or completely covers the eye

Answer 13

Blepharoptosis

Question 14

inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the anterior portion of the eyeball and also line the eyelids

Answer 14

Conjunctivitis

Question 15

is the painful loss of surface epithelium, or outer layer of the cornea.

Answer 15

Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer

Question 16

inflammation of the episclera (the external surface of the sclera); inflammation of the deeper sclera, the white outermost covering of the eyeball

Answer 16

Episcleritis/Scleritis

Question 17

is when the natural lens of the eye becomes opacified (cloudy)

Answer 17

Cataract

Question 18

is damage to the optic nerve in the presence of elevated intraocular pressure

Answer 18

Glaucoma

Question 19

is a progressive deterioration or breakdown of the macula of the retina

Answer 19

Macular Degeneration

Question 20

is pathologic alteration of the retinal blood vessels and the pathologic proliferation of the retinal vessels

Answer 20

Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 21

is an elevation (separation of the retina from the choroid)

Answer 21

Retinal Detachment

Question 22

denotes inflammation of the uveal tract, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

Answer 22

Uveitis

Question 23

is abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs

Answer 23

Exophthalmos

Question 24

may involve the globe (ocular tumors), the orbit (the bone surround the orbital cavity and the soft tissues and muscles that lie between the globe and the bone), the optic nerve, or the eyelids. neoplasms

Answer 24

Cancer of the Eye

Question 25

is an atypical accumulation of sermon in the canal of the outer ear. ear wax that has accumulated hardens and has a tendency to prevent sound waves from reaching the tympanic membrane

Answer 25

Impacted Cerumen

Question 26

inflammation of the external ear canal; accompanied by infection

Answer 26

Infective Otitis Externa

Question 27

inflammation and resulting infection of the other ear canal after water has been entrapped during swimming is termed

Answer 27

Swimmer’s Ear

Question 28

inflammation of the normally airfield middle ear with the accumulation of fluid behind the tympanic membrane

Answer 28

Otitis Media

Question 29

abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, primarily affects the stapes, the third bone or ossicle of the middle ear, as the individual ages

Answer 29

Otosclerosis

Question 30

chronic disease of the inner ear that affects the labyrinth

Answer 30

Meniere’s Disease

Question 31

a vestibular system disorder. patient complain of his/her head spinning, becoming worse with movement of the head. feeling that their surroundings are moving

Answer 31

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

Question 32

inflammation or infection of the labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 32

Labyrinthitis

Question 33

any type of tear or injury to the eardrum causes a breach in the integrity of the membrane

Answer 33

Ruptured Tympanic Membrane (Ruptured Eardrum)

Question 34

is a pocket of skin cells located in the middle ear, normally shed by the eardrum, that collects into a cyst like mass or ball and becomes infected

Answer 34

Cholesteatoma

Question 35

is inflammation of the mastoid bone, or mastoid process

Answer 35

mastoiditis

Question 36

sound waves reach the inner ear but are not perceived because the nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain

Answer 36

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 37

Tumors of the ear can occur in any party of the ear and may be benign or malignant. include skin cancers of the external ear, ceruminal gland neoplasms, acoustic facial neuromas, and gloms tumors

Answer 37

Cancer of the Ear