Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Etiology

Question 1

What is the etiology of Coronary Artery Diseases

Answer 1

plaque in the lumen of the coronary arteries

Question 2

What is the etiology of Angina Pectoris

Answer 2

atherosclerosis causes lack bloodflow to myocardium

Question 3

What is the etiology of Myocardial Infarction

Answer 3

insufficient oxygen supply to the myocardium; heart muscle death

Question 4

What is the etiology of Cardiac Arrest

Answer 4

anoxia or interruption of the electrical stimuli to the heart

Question 5

What is the etiology of Essentail Hypertension

Answer 5

unknown; many factors thought to contribute

Question 6

What is the etiology of Malignant Hypertension

Answer 6

severe form of essential hypertension; extreme stress contribute

Question 7

What is the etiology of Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 7

heart failure and inadequate perfusion; heart attack; compromised pumping action

Question 8

What is the etiology of Cor Pulmonale

Answer 8

emphysema; fibrotic pulmonary lesions; right-sided heart failure

Question 9

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Edema

Answer 9

left-sided heart failure, mitral valve disease, pulmonary embolus, renal failure

Question 10

What is the etiology of Cardiomyopathy

Answer 10

mostly unknown; dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive are types

Question 11

What is the etiology of Pericarditis

Answer 11

idiopathic; consequence of inflammation or infection;

Question 12

What is the etiology of Myocarditis

Answer 12

viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoal infection; complication of other diseases

Question 13

What is the etiology of Endocarditis

Answer 13

bacteremia; Staphylococcus aureus, group A B-hemolytic streptococcus

Question 14

What is the etiology of Rheumatic Fever

Answer 14

after sore throat caused b A B-hemolytic streptococcus; cross-react with normal tissue

Question 15

What is the etiology of Rheumatic Heart Disease

Answer 15

vegetation may become enlarged or the valves may scar, causing stenosis of the openings

Question 16

What is the etiology of Mitral Stenosis

Answer 16

rheumatic heart disease

Question 17

What is the etiology of Mitral Insufficiency

Answer 17

may fail to close because of scar tissue from inflammation and vegetations

Question 18

What is the etiology of Mitral Valve Prolapse

Answer 18

abnormally long or short chordae tendineae may be the cuase; papillary muscle dysfunction

Question 19

What is the etiology of Arrhythmias

Answer 19

disturbances in normal conduction; pacemaker, AV node, purkinje fiber issues

Question 20

What is the etiology of Shock

Answer 20

caused by anaphylaxis, hemorrhage, sepsis, heart failure, many conditons; effective blood circulation decreased

Question 21

What is the etiology of Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 21

insult that distrubs the heart’s ability to pump blood

Question 22

What is the etiology of Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 22

insult to integrity of a vessel in the pericardium

Question 23

What is the etiology of Emboli

Answer 23

blood clots composed of air bubbles, fat globules circulating in blood vessel

Question 24

What is the etiology of Atherosclerosis

Answer 24

hereditary; fatty diet; cigarette smoking; hypertension; obesity

Question 25

What is the etiology of Aneurysms

Answer 25

buildup of plaque that weakens the vessel wall

Question 26

What is the etiology of Phlebitis

Answer 26

unknown

Question 27

What is the etiology of Thrombophlebitis

Answer 27

venous stasis; blood disorders; injury to venous wall

Question 28

What is the etiology of Varicose Veins

Answer 28

unknown; defective or absent valves may be suspected

Question 29

What is the etiology of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

Answer 29

long-term smoking of tobacco

Question 30

What is the etiology of Raynaud’s Disease

Answer 30

peripheral arteries of fingers, ahnds, and feet spasm and constrict; compromise extremity circulation

Question 31

What is the etiology of Anemias

Answer 31

depends on the anemia type;

Question 32

What is the etiology of Agranulocytosis

Answer 32

drug toxicity or hypersensitivity; reduced response to bacterial infection

Question 33

What is the etiology of Polycythemia

Answer 33

sustained increase in hematopoiesis

Question 34

What is the etiology of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 34

older than 65. radiation, chemicals and drugs, smoking contributing factors

Question 35

What is the etiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 35

no specific cause; trisomy of chromosomes 12, 3, or 16, or deletion of 13 may be seen

Question 36

What is the etiology of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Answer 36

family history; radiation treatment; chemo for Hodgkin’s disease; exposure to benzene

Question 37

What is the etiology of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Answer 37

exposure to ionization is the only known risk factor; abnormal chromosome 22

Question 38

What is the etiology of Lymphedema

Answer 38

obstruction of the lymph vessel or node may be inflammatory or mechanical

Question 39

What is the etiology of Lymphangitis

Answer 39

bacterial invasion into lymph vessels at trauma or ulceration sites

Question 40

What is the etiology of Hodkin’s Disease

Answer 40

chemo and radiation therapy prior; family history of lymphomas

Question 41

What is the etiology of Non-Hodkin’s Lymphoma

Answer 41

family history; many different conditions had prior

Question 42

What is the etiology of Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction

Answer 42

ABO- and Rh-imcompatible blood;

Question 43

What is the etiology of Classic Hemphilia

Answer 43

X-linked genetic disorder im males; carrier mother to her son; Factor VIII inactive

Question 44

What is the etiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Answer 44

thrombin activates the production of fibrin, causing clots to form where they are not needed