Chapter 9: Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory System: Etiology

Question 1

What is the etiology of Common Cold/Upper Respiratory Traction Infection

Answer 1

group of minor illnesses that almost 200 different virues cause

Question 2

What is the etiology of Sinusitis

Answer 2

viral, fungal, or bacterial infections that travel to sinuses from nose after a cold

Question 3

What is the etiology of Pharyngitis

Answer 3

viral infection; tonsillitis; allergies

Question 4

What is the etiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Answer 4

more common in males; salted fish diet; high nitrate foods; alcohol and tobacco

Question 5

What is the etiology of Laryngitis

Answer 5

viral or bacterial infection; sinusitis, tonsillitis and other respiratory conditions; excessive use of voice

Question 6

What is the etiology of Deviated Septum

Answer 6

congenital anomaly; trauma to nose

Question 7

What is the etiology of Nasal Polyps

Answer 7

overproduction of fluid in the cells of the mucous membrane; result of allergic rhinitis

Question 8

What is the etiology of Anosmia

Answer 8

nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis; damage to olfactory nerve

Question 9

What is the etiology of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Answer 9

colds and infections; trauma; foreign body; many disorders

Question 10

What is the etiology of Tumors of the Larynx

Answer 10

benign tumors-papillomas and polyps-misuse or overuse malignant-heavy tobacco use

Question 11

What is the etiology of Laryngeal Cancer

Answer 11

smoking and alcohol abuse 200-fold greater if done together

Question 12

What is the etiology of Hemoptysis

Answer 12

trauma, erosion of a vessel, calicifciation, or tumors; lung and heart conditions

Question 13

What is the etiology of Atelectasis

Answer 13

obstruction in bronchial tree; mucous, foreign body, cancer plug; any difficult breathing condition

Question 14

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 14

mass moves through venous circulation and is pumped by the right side of the heart to pulmonary circulation

Question 15

What is the etiology of Pneumonia

Answer 15

viral or bacterial infection; many different causes depending on type

Question 16

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Abscess

Answer 16

complication of pneumonia caused by bacteria

Question 17

What is the etiology of Legionellosis (Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontiac Fever)

Answer 17

L. pneumophilia and are not contagious; Pontiac fever usually occurs too

Question 18

What is the etiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Answer 18

causative agent of RSV pneumonia;

Question 19

What is the etiology of Histoplasmosis

Answer 19

fungus H. capsulatum, carried by dust and is inhaled;

Question 20

What is the etiology of Influenza

Answer 20

orthomyxovirus type A, B, and C;

Question 21

What is the etiology of Acute and Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 21

part of URI; common cold or viral infection of pharyx and nasopharynx; many other respiratory conditons

Question 22

What is the etiology of Bronchiectasis

Answer 22

repeated damage to bronchial wall caused by recurrent airway infections; pneumonia, tuberculosis; other airway diseases

Question 23

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Emphysema

Answer 23

unknown; long-term cigarette smoking contributing factor; enzyme deficiency (Alpha1-anitrypsin)

Question 24

What is the etiology of Pneumoconiosis

Answer 24

occupational disease caused inhaling inorganic dust particles over a prolonged period

Question 25

What is the etiology of Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

Answer 25

secondary to other diseases or infections; wet and dry

Question 26

What is the etiology of Pneumothorax

Answer 26

opening is present on the surface of the lung; spontaneous or traumatic;

Question 27

What is the etiology of Hemothorax

Answer 27

blood enters the pleural space as the result of trauma, erosion of pulmonary vessel, or hematologic disorders

Question 28

What is the etiology of Flail Chest

Answer 28

direct trauma to the chest wall that fractures trhee or more adjacent ribs

Question 29

What is the etiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Answer 29

bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis; droplet nuclei;

Question 30

What is the etiology of Infectious Mononucleosis: Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Answer 30

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpes virus; carried in saliva and transmitted through kissing, blood transfusions; organ donation

Question 31

What is the etiology of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 31

secondary to severe trauma; agent of insult that precipitates increased capillary permeability in the lungs

Question 32

What is the etiology of Sarcoidosis

Answer 32

unknown; malfunctio of the immune system or caused by a virus; genetic factors

Question 33

What is the etiology of Lung Cancer

Answer 33

two types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); small cell lung cancer (SCLC)-smokers, rapid growth, metastasizes early