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PathMad > Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Major Gland Table > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Major Gland Table Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A

Growth Hormone (GH) Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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2
Q

Promotes bone and tissue growth

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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3
Q

Stimulates thyroid gland and production of thyroxine

A

Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH))

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4
Q

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids

A

Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH))

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5
Q

Initiates growth of eggs in ovaries; stimulates spermatogenesis in testes

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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6
Q

Causes ovulation; stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone; stimulates testosterone production

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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7
Q

Stimulates breast development and formation of milk during pregnancy and after delivery

A

Prolactin

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8
Q

Regulates skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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9
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH)) Oxytocin

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10
Q

Stimulates water resorption by renal tubules; has antidiuretic effect

A

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH))

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11
Q

Stimulates uterine contractions; stimulates ejection of milk in mammary glands; causes ejection of secretions in male prostate gland

A

Oxytocin

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12
Q

What are the hormones seccreted by the thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid hormone (TH) Calcitonin

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13
Q

Regulates rate of cellular metabolism (catabolic phase)

A

Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroid hormone (TH)

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14
Q

Promotes retention of calcium and phosphorus in bone; opposes effect of parathyroid hormone

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)

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16
Q

Regulates metabolism of calcium; elevates serum calcium levels by drawing calcium from bones

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathormone, PTH)

17
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Mineral corticoids (MC), primarily aldosterone Glucocorticoids (GC): cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone Gonadocorticoids: androgens, estrogens, progestins

18
Q

Promote retention of sodium by kidneys; regulate electrolyte and fluid homeostasis

A

Mineral corticoids (MC), primarily adolsterone

19
Q

Regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in cells

A

Glucocorticoids (GC): cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

20
Q

Govern secondary sex characteristics and masculinization

A

Gonadocorticoids: androgens, estrogens, progestins

21
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

22
Q

Produce quick-acting “fight or flight” response during stress; increase blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose level; dilate bronchioles

A

Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

23
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

Insulin Glucagon

24
Q

Regulates metabolism of glucose in body cells; maintains proper blood glucose level

A

Insulin

25
Q

Increases concentration of glucose in blood by causing conversion of glycogen to glucose

A

Glucagon

26
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the ovaries

A

Estrogens Progesterone

27
Q

Cause development of female secondary sex characteristics

A

Estrogens

28
Q

Prepares and maintains endometrium for implantation and pregnancy

A

Progesterone

29
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the testes

A

Testosterone

30
Q

Stimulates and promotes growth of of male secondary sex characteristics and is essential for erections

A

Testosterone

31
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the thymus gland

A

Thymosin

32
Q

Promotes development of immune cells (gland atrophies during adulthood)

A

Thymosin

33
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the pineal gland

A

Melatonin

34
Q

Regulates daily patterns of sleep and wakefulness. Inhibits hormones that affect ovaries; other functions unknown

A

Melatonin

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