Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Overview

Question 1

circulation of blood to the organs and tissues of the body is the primary function of what system

Answer 1

Circulatory system

Question 2

upper chambers of the heart

Answer 2

atria

Question 3

lower chambers of the heart

Answer 3

ventricles

Question 4

between right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 4

tricuspid valve

Question 5

oxygenated blood first enters what chamber of the heart

Answer 5

left atrium

Question 6

between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 6

bicuspid valve

Question 7

double-layer membrane around the heart

Answer 7

pericardium

Question 8

inner pericardium layer

Answer 8

visceral pericardium or epicardium

Question 9

outer layer of pericardium

Answer 9

parietal pericardium

Question 10

heartbeat becomes abnormally fast

Answer 10

tachycardia

Question 11

heartbeat becomes abnormally slow

Answer 11

bradycardia

Question 12

disorders of cardiac rhythm are called

Answer 12

arrhythmias or dysrrhythmias

Question 13

what occurs in the second part of diastole

Answer 13

atria fill

all valves close

Question 14

what occurs in the last part of diastole

Answer 14

increased atrial pressure opens AV valves

Ventricles fill

Question 15

what occurs when systole begins

Answer 15

atria contract and empty

ventricles are full

Question 16

what occurs in the second part of systole

Answer 16

Ventricles begin contract
pressure closes AV valves
atria relax

Question 17

what occurs in the last part of systole

Answer 17

ventricles contract
increased pressure in ventricles
aortic and pulmonary valves open
blood ejected into aorta and pulmonary

Question 18

what occurs in first part of diastole after systole ends

Answer 18

ventricles empty
ventricles relax
aortic and pulmonary valves close

Question 19

cooling a select group of patients immediately following cardiac arrest can improve neurologic outcome and quite possibly decrease mortality rate

Answer 19

therapeutic hypothermia

Question 20

chronically elevated blood pressure throughout the vascular system

Answer 20

Hypertensive Heart Disease

Question 21

what does Left-sided congestive heart failure result in

Answer 21

decrease cardiac output
back up into pulmonary vein
pulmonary congestion/edema
renin-angiotensin and aldosterone secretion

Question 22

what does Right-sided congestive heart failure result in

Answer 22

back up of blood into systemic circulation

increased venous pressure results in edema in legs and liver and abdominal organs

Question 23

acquired or congenital disorder than can involve any of the four valves of the heart. occur in the form of either insufficiency or stenosis

Answer 23

Valvular Heart Disease

Question 24

failure of the valves to close completely, allows blood to be forced back into the previous chamber as the heart contracts

Answer 24

Insufficiency

Question 25

hardening of the cusps of the valves that prevents complete opening of the valves, impedes the blood flow into the next chamber

Answer 25

Stenosis

Question 26

nonsurgical procedure that uses catheters inserted into the chambers of the heart to administer energy to destroy the small amount of tissue that causes electrical rhythm disturbances in the cardiac conduction system

Answer 26

cardiac ablation

Question 27

what is an immature red blood cell

Answer 27

Reticulocyte

Question 28

conditions composed of formed elements, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. deviation in or malfunctioning in the reticuloendothelial system

Answer 28

Blood Dyscrasias

Question 29

what hemocytoblast variation turns into the granulocytic leukocytes

Answer 29

Myeloblast

Question 30

what hemocytoblast variation turns into erythrocytes

Answer 30

Proerythroblast

Question 31

what hemocytoblast variation turns into lymphocytes

Answer 31

Lymphoblast

Question 32

what hemocytoblast variation turns into monocytes

Answer 32

mono blast

Question 33

what hemocytoblast variation turns into platelets

Answer 33

megakaryoblast

Question 34

malignant neoplasms of the blood forming organs (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes) that produce abnormal, uncontrolled, clonal proliferation of one specific type of blood cell in the lymphoid or myeloid cell lines

Answer 34

Leukemia’s

Question 35

where to the lymphatic and circulatory system meet up

Answer 35

subclavian veins

Question 36

transplant in which the patient serves as his or her own donor for stem cells

Answer 36

Autologous transplant

Question 37

transplant in which the donor is HLA-identical to the patient (usually a sibling)

Answer 37

Allogenic transplant

Question 38

the identity of the leukocyte surface antigens is determined for the patient and donor to define the degree of compatibility

Answer 38

HLA type

Question 39

transplant in which the patient’s identical twin serves as the stem cell donor

Answer 39

Syngeneic transplant

Question 40

transplant in which the donor does not match all of the key HLA antigens.

Answer 40

Unrelated donor/mismatched transplant

Question 41

malignant neoplasms that arise from uncontrolled proliferation of the cellular components of the lymph system

Answer 41

Lymphoma

Question 42

what are the two types of lymphomas

Answer 42

Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 43

single lymph structure or region is involved

Answer 43

Stage I

Question 44

two or more lymph structures are involved, with the involvement being on the same side of the diaphragm

Answer 44

Stage II

Question 45

lymph regions on both sides of the diaphragm are involved

Answer 45

Stage III

Question 46

there is widespread involvement of extra nodal tissue above and below the diaphragm

Answer 46

Stage IV