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From Flashcardlet > 5th - Science Unit 8 Lesson 1 & 2 > Flashcards

5th - Science Unit 8 Lesson 1 & 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Certain constellations, such as Orion, are only visible during which season in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Orion is only visible in winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

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1
Q

Is the Sun a star?

A

Yes, a star is an object that produces thermal and light energy. The Sun is an average-sized star Nd the largest object in the solar system.

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2
Q

What does the Earth and the other planets move in orbits around?

A

The Sun

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3
Q

Is a force of attraction, or pull, between any two objects?

A

Gravity

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4
Q

The Sun’s gravitational pull on Earth is ___________ than its pull on a planet much farther away, such as Neptune.

A

Stronger

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5
Q

Why does sunlight strikes Earth differently at different times of the year?

A

Because the Earth’s axis is tilted about 23 degrees.

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6
Q

The strength of gravity increases as the ___________ of objects increases and decreases as the distance between objects increases.

A

Total mass

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7
Q

What season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun?

A

It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

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8
Q

Due to the Earth’s rotation, the constellations appear to change what from season to season?

A

Position

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9
Q

What is it called when every year, Earth makes one complete trip around the Sun?

A

Revolution

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10
Q

What is it called when moving objects have a tendency to keep moving in a straight line?

A

Inertia

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11
Q

What causes seasons?

A

The changes in the angle of the sunlight on the Earth cause the seasons.

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12
Q

At any time, half of Earth faces the Sun and has _____________, while the other half faces away and has ________________.

A

Daylight, darkness

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13
Q

A complete spin on its axil?

A

Rotation

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14
Q

Is the path that one object takes around another object?

A

Orbit

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15
Q

Why do the Sun, stars, and Moon appear to move from east to west across the sky?

A

Because of the Earth’s rotation

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16
Q

What does the changes in the angle of sunlight on the Earth’s surface cause?

A

The seasons

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17
Q

Because of the effects of gravity and inertia, the Earth moves in what nearly circular orbit shape?

A

Ellipse

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18
Q

What keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?

A

Gravity and inertia together make the Earth follow this path, or orbit.

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19
Q

As Earth revolves around the Sun, sunlight strikes different parts of the Earth at different what?

A

Angles

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20
Q

What does the temperature on the surface of a star determine?

A

The star’s color

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21
Q

What measures how bright a star really is?

A

Absolute magnitude

22
Q

What are dark spots that appear on the surface of the Sun?

A

Sunspots

23
Q

Is a burst of heat and energy that stretches from the surface of the Sun into space?

A

Solar flare

24
Q

Is a object that produces it’s own thermal and light energy?

A

Star

25
Q

What are occasional eruptions of energy from the Sun’s surface that stretch far out into space?

A

Solar flares

26
Q

The mass of the Sun makes up 99.8 percent of all the mass where?

A

The solar system

27
Q

What can we calculate if we know how long it takes a planet to make one trip around the Sun and the distance between the planet and the Sun?

A

The mass of the Sun

28
Q

What measures how bright a star looks in the night sky?

A

Apparent magnitude

29
Q

If the sun were a hollow ball,how many Earth’s could fit inside it?

A

1 million

30
Q

What is dependent upon how much light it gives off and it’s distance from the Earth?

A

A star’s brightness, or magnitude

31
Q

Who first identified many of the constellations we know today?

A

Ancient Greek and Roman astronomers

32
Q

What looks like a red circle around the Sun, when it is visible?

A

Solar flares

33
Q

Energy from solar flares also causes displays of different-colored lights in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. What are these called?

A

Aurora borealis

34
Q

Is a pattern formed by a group of stars in the night sky?

A

Constellation

35
Q

What can always be found directly north of your location?

A

Polaris, or the Northern Star

36
Q

The mass of the Sun can be calculated if we know what two things?

A
  1. How long it takes a planet to make one trip around the Sun.
  2. The distance between the planet and the Sun.
37
Q

What are the largest stars called?

A

Red Supergiants

38
Q

What two very light gases is the Sun mostly made up of?

A

Hydrogen and Helium

39
Q

What is the mean, or average, distance between the Sun and Earth?

A

Astronomical unit

40
Q

What are the layers of the sun? (Pg. 414-415)

A
  1. Core
  2. Radiation layer
  3. Convection layer
  4. Photosphere
  5. Chromosphere
  6. Corona
41
Q

A constellation is a what formed by a group of stars in the night sky?

A

Pattern

42
Q

What are the smallest called?

A

Dwarfs

43
Q

Why do we not feel Earth moving?

A

You don’t feel these motions because you are carried along with the Earth.

44
Q

What time of year is the Earth closest to the Sun and when is farthest?

A

It is closest in January and farthest in July.

45
Q

What is gravity?

A

Is a force of attraction, or pull, between any two objects.

46
Q

How long does it take Earth to complete a revolution around the Sun?

A

Earth makes a complete revolution in one year, or I. 365 1/4 days.

47
Q

How long does it take Earth to complete a rotation on its axis?

A

Earth makes one rotation every day, or 24 hours.

48
Q

Because the tilt of the Earth’s axis always points in the same direction, the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere are always what?

A

Changing

49
Q

What is a constellation?

A

Is a pattern in the night sky formed by a group of stars.

50
Q

What affects the length of a day?

A

The tilt of the Earth’s axis

51
Q

What would happen if the Earth was not tilted on its axis?

A

Day and night would each be 12 hours long.

52
Q

As a result of the effects of gravity and inertia, Earth moves in a nearly circular orbit?

A

Ellipse

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