Chapter 16 FIB

Question 1

Thorndike’s ________________________ states that responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfier tend to be learned.

Answer 1

Law of Effect

Question 2

_______________________, not B. F. Skinner, was the first behaviorist to insist that psychology should be limited to a study of observable behavior.

Answer 2

John Watson

Question 3

Psychology must be restricted to the study of _________________ behavior, according to Skinner.

Answer 3

observable

Question 4

While still in college. Skinner desired to become a ___________.

Answer 4

writer

Question 5

Human behavior is subject to the laws of _________________, according to Skinner.

Answer 5

science

Question 6

Pavlovian conditioning is also called ___________ conditioning.

Answer 6

classical

Question 7

In operant conditioning, the experimenter first rewards gross approximations of the target behavior and gradually rewards responses closer to the final target. Such a procedure is called _____________________, or successive approximations.

Answer 7

shaping

Question 8

An event that strengthens behavior is called a _______________.

Answer 8

reinforcer

Question 9

A _____________________ reinforcer is any stimulus that, when added to a situation, increases the probability that a given behavior will recur.

Answer 9

positive

Question 10

Like positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers _________________ behavior.

Answer 10

strengthen

Question 11

The effects of punishment are less ________ than those of reward.

Answer 11

predictable

Question 12

Many conditioned reinforcers are not by nature satisfying, but they become so because they are associated with ________________ reinforcers.

Answer 12

primary

Question 13

The least efficient schedule is the _________________ schedule.

Answer 13

continuous

Question 14

Nonreinforcement of a response leads to ___________________.

Answer 14

extinction

Question 15

Skinner rejected the notion of unconscious ___________________ but accepted the idea of unconscious behavior.

Answer 15

motivation

Question 16

Skinner believed that the _________________________, not free will, is responsible for behavior.

Answer 16

environment

Question 17

Two opposite factors in controlling behavior are satiation and _________________.

Answer 17

deprivation

Question 18

To Skinner, behavior is shaped by natural selection, ___________, and cultural evolution.

Answer 18

reinforcement

Question 19

The ________________ is ultimately responsible for self-control.

Answer 19

environment

Question 20

Skinner believed that ___________is one of the chief obstacles blocking psychology’s attempt to become scientific.

Answer 20

psychotherapy