6th - Science Chapter 2 Notes

Question 0

What is the force that every object exerts on every other object because of their mass?

Answer 0

Gravity

Question 1

What are the Earth’s four systems?

Answer 1

1. Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Geosphere
4. Biosphere

Question 2

The more mass an object has the ____________ the gravitational force.

Answer 2

Stronger

Question 3

The _____________ together two objects are the stronger the gravitational force.

Answer 3

Closer

Question 4

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion called?

Answer 4

The Law of Inertia

Question 5

The statement that says “A moving object will continue to move in a straight line at a constant speed unless an unbalanced force acts on it” describes what?

Answer 5

The Law of Inertia

Question 6

If an object is at rest, it stays at rest unless what?

Answer 6

An unbalanced force acts on it.

Question 7

What is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion?

Answer 7

Inertia

Question 8

What is “an object’s acceleration is i the same direction as the net force on the object and is equal to the net force exerted on it divided by its mass?”

Answer 8

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Question 9

The harder you throw the ball (the greater the force), the greater its acceleration. The larger the mass of the ball (with force staying the same), the greater the acceleration. What law is this an example of?

Answer 9

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Question 10

When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first that is equal in strength and opposite in direction. Which law is this?

Answer 10

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Question 11

To every action force there is what?

Answer 11

An equal and opposite reaction force.

Question 12

What is the amount of mass in a material per unit volume?

Answer 12

Density = mass/volume

Question 13

What do least dense materials do?

Answer 13

Remain on the surface

Question 14

What do most dense materials do?

Answer 14

Sink to the bottom

Question 15

What is the Earth’s interior made of?

Answer 15

Of solids and liquids with different densities.

Question 16

What are the Earth’s layers determined by?

Answer 16

Density

Question 17

Which is the densest layer of the Earth? And what is it made of?

Answer 17

The inner core which is made of iron

Question 18

What is the Earth’s crust made of which makes it much less dense?

Answer 18

Silicon and oxygen

Question 19

What are the characteristics of the Earth’s inner core?

Answer 19

1. Dense metallic center
2. Mostly iron
3. Solid
4. About the same size as the moon

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the outer core of the Earth?

Answer 20

1. Dense liquid core

2. This liquid is what causes earth to have a magnetic field.

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the Earth’s lower mantle?

Answer 21

1. Solid
2. Magnesium and iron silicates
3. Less dense layer

Question 22

What are the characteristics of the Earth’s upper mantle?

Answer 22

1. Solid
2. Magnesium and iron silicates
3. Just below the crust.

Question 23

What are the characteristics of the Earth’s oceanic crust?

Answer 23

1. Found under ocean
2. Basalt and dolerite
3. 3-6 miles thick

Question 24

What are the characteristics of the Earth’s continental crust?

Answer 24

1. Crust on land
2. Granite, sandstone and limestone
3. Thickest under tall mountains
4. Is up to 43 miles thick in some places

Question 25

How do scientists gather evidence about the composition of Earth’s interior?

Answer 25

1. Analyze earthquake waves to understand what Earth’s interior is composed of
2. Study how waves from earthquakes traveler how they might change direction when traveling from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a solid to determine the composition of the core and mantle.

Question 26

Which spins faster the inner core (solid) or the outer core (liquid)?

Answer 26

The inner core spins faster

Question 27

What does the flow of Milton or liquid iron in the outer core produce?

Answer 27

The Earth’s magnetic field

Question 28

The Earth’s magnetic field has ______________ poles.

Answer 28

Opposite poles - magnetic North and South

Question 29

What does the Earth’s magnetic field protect the Earth from?

Answer 29

Cosmic rays and particles from the Sun

Question 30

Where does a compass needle always point?

Answer 30

To magnetic North

Question 31

Oceans cover what percentage of the Earth?

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

What are topographic features formed by processes that shape Earth’s surface?

Answer 32

Landforms

Question 33

Are landforms permanent?

Answer 33

NO, they are always changing

Question 34

What are the characteristics of landforms?

Answer 34

1. Topography - size and shape
2. Elevation - height above sea level
3. Relief - describes the difference in elevation
4. Orientation

Question 35

What are the most common landforms?

Answer 35

1. Plains - example Gulf coastal plains in Louisiana
2. Plateaus - example Colorado plateau where Colorado River formed Grand Canyon
3. Mountains - example Appalachian Mountain