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From Flashcardlet > 6th - Science Chapter 3 Minerals notes REVISED > Flashcards

6th - Science Chapter 3 Minerals notes REVISED Flashcards

0
Q

Approximately how many minerals are there one Earth?

A

4,000

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1
Q

Is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition?

A

Mineral

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2
Q

How many minerals are considered to be common?

A

30

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3
Q

Of the common minerals, ten of these are called?

A

Rock-forming minerals

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4
Q

What occurs naturally and are not made in a laboratory?

A

Common minerals

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5
Q

Minerals have a definite chemical what?

A

Composition

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6
Q

Some minerals, such as silver, are made up of what?

A

One element

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7
Q

Other minerals, such as potassium feldspar, are made up of?

A

A combination of several elements

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8
Q

Minerals form predictable what?

A

Crystal patterns

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9
Q

The internal arrangement of atoms or ions determines what?

A

The shape of a crystal

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10
Q

Minerals are inorganic or what?

A

Not from biological origins

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11
Q

Even though they are inorganic, some minerals form as a result of inorganic processes. Give an example.

A

Marine organisms can extract dissolved solids from seawater and make their shells.

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12
Q

The shape of a crystal depends on the arrangement of what?

A

It’s atoms or ions.

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13
Q

It is difficult to determine crystals shape when what?

A

They are small

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14
Q

Often minerals do not develop in large crystals but in what?

A

Tiny clusters

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15
Q

Common rock-forming minerals are made from elements that are what in the Earth’s crust?

A

Abundant

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16
Q

What are the two most abundant elements in Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen and silicon

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17
Q

What is a mineral that contains silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure, although it can also contain other elements?

A

Silicate

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18
Q

What is the most common silicate mineral?

A

Feldspar

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19
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

Silicon

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20
Q

What do mineral undergo when they are dissolved in water or solidify in an orderly arrangement of atoms, when the water evaporates?

A

Crystallization

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21
Q

Minerals, such as halite crystallize from what?

A

Cool solutions

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22
Q

As water flows over Earth or seeps into the ground, what does it do to minerals?

A

Dissolves them

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23
Q

What happens when seawater cannot hold any more salt, it becomes what?

A

Saturated with dissolved salts

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24
Q

Some marine organisms can remove salt from seawater, what do they make with it?

A

They produce shells or build a reef

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25
Q

Water that contains dissolved minerals can travel through _______ to hotter parts of the crust. When conditions are right, minerals ____________ out of the hot water, filling the cracks.

A

Cracks; come

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26
Q

Minerals can form when molten ________ cools and crystallizes.

A

Rock

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27
Q

Is molten rock below Earth’s surface?

A

Magma

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28
Q

Is magma that erupts onto Earth’s surface?

A

Lava

29
Q

Cooled lava forms __________ mineral crystals. Cooled magma forms _________ mineral crystals.

A

Small; large

30
Q

Some minerals form from solids deep in the Earth’s crust and ___________.

A

Mantle

31
Q

These minerals are stable under conditions of high ______________ and high pressure. If these minerals come to Earth’s surface, they become ____________.

A

Temperatures; unstable

32
Q

Scientists who study the distribution of minerals, mineral properties, and their use are?

A

Mineralogist a

33
Q

Mineralogists have identified simple tests to help __________ unknown minerals.

A

Classify

34
Q

These tests are based on physical and chemical ____________ of the minerals.

A

Properties

35
Q

___________ alone cannot be used for mineral identification.

A

Color

36
Q

Variations in color reflect the presence of different types of _________.

A

Minerals

37
Q

Is the way a mineral reflects or absorbs light at its surface?

A

Luster

38
Q

What is the shiniest in luster?

A

Metallic

39
Q

Nonmetallic minerals have luster types that might still be shiny but are not _________ like metal.

A

Reflective

40
Q

A mineral that lacks shiny luster has earthy or _______ luster.

A

Dull

41
Q

What is the color of a mineral in its powdered form?

A

Streak

42
Q

Streak can be produced by rubbing a mineral across an unglazed __________ plate.

A

Porcelain

43
Q

Streak is only useful for identifying minerals that are ________ than porcelain.

A

Softer

44
Q

Some metallic minerals can vary in color but have a streak color that is always __________.

A

The same

45
Q

What is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched?

A

Hardness

46
Q

What is the name of the scale ranges from 1 to 10 and is used to compare the hardness of minerals?

A

Mohs

47
Q

What has the hardness of 1? What has the hardness of 10?

A

Talc; diamond

48
Q

What does the arrangement of atoms and the strength of bonds between atoms determine?

A

How a mineral breaks

49
Q

If a mineral breaks with a smooth, flat surface, it has ____________.

A

Cleavage

50
Q

If a mineral breaks to form uneven surfaces, it has _______?

A

Fractures

51
Q

Some minerals break into splitters or __________; others break with smooth and _______ surfaces.

A

Fibers; curved

52
Q

The mass of an object divided by its volume is the what of the object?

A

Density

53
Q

If someone holds two minerals, the one that feels heavier has __________ density.

A

Greater

54
Q

What is how a mineral feels?

A

Texture

55
Q

What happens when calcite comes in contact with hydrochloride acid?

A

It fizzes

56
Q

Due to the presence of iron in their chemical formula some minerals are what?

A

Magnetic

57
Q

What is a mineral’s ability to glow when it is exposed to ultraviolet light?

A

Fluorescence

58
Q

What is a rock that contains high enough concentrations of a desired substance that it can be mined for a profit?

A

Ore

59
Q

What ores are among the most abundant metallic mineral resources?

A

Iron and aluminum

60
Q

What is hematite an important source of?

A

Iron

61
Q

Iron is the main element in what mineral which is used in buildings and vehicles?

A

Steel

62
Q

Why is bauxite important?

A

Aluminum ore

63
Q

Some metals are so valuable that their ores are mined even though they are what?

A

Rare

64
Q

What is mined because it’s yellow color and metallic properties make it useful in jewelry?

A

Gold

65
Q

What is a common nonmetallic mineral resource which is commonly composed of particles of Quartz?

A

Sand

66
Q

What is a rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry when it is cut and polished?

A

Gemstone

67
Q

What properties of gemstones make them useful in industry?

A

Physical

68
Q

What minerals are so hard that they are used in cutting tools and abrasives?

A

Diamond and corundum

69
Q

What are many industrial gemstones that are manufactured by humans?

A

Synthetic

70
Q

Because gold conducts what and does not corrode, it is useful in science and industry?

A

Electricity

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