Absolutism

Question 1

Peter the Great

Answer 1

(1682-1725) Russian leader who took the throne when he was 10. Created policy of westernization and was most autocratic leader of absolute rulers in Europe. Created largest army in Europe.

Question 2

Catherine the Great

Answer 2

Monarch who took power when her husband (Peter the Third) died in 1725. Husband did not have successor so she became ruler. People thought she may have had her husband murdered so she could become ruler sooner.

Question 3

Peter the Third

Answer 3

Husband of Catherine the Great. Murdered in 1762

Question 4

Henry IV

Answer 4

(1589-1610) French huguenot prince. First of Bourbons to rule France. Fought against Catholic opposition to take over France. Put the Edict of Nantes into action in order to protect the Protestants. Reduced nobles power. Killed.

Question 5

Louis XIII

Answer 5

(1610-1643) son of Henry IV inherited throne when he was 9. Appointed Cardinal Richelieu to help keep a strong central government.

Question 6

Marie de Medici

Answer 6

Wife of Henry IV. She showed little political interest. Her eldest son was Louis XIII

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

(1643-1715) Inherited throne after Richelieu when he was 5. Disorder swept through France when he became king. He took complete control over government when he was 23 after the death of Cardinal Mazarin. Louis made France strongest state in Europe.

Question 8

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Answer 8

Louis XIV’s financial minister who imposed mercantilist policies to strengthen economy. Luxury trades and high tariffs. Still could not produce enough income to maintain Louis’s court and wars.

Question 9

Louis XV

Answer 9

(1715-1744)

Question 10

Charles VI

Answer 10

(1685-1740) Ruled for 30 years. Emperor of Hapsburg empire. Father of Maria Theresa.

Question 11

Maria Theresa

Answer 11

(1717-1780) ruled for 40 years. Daughter of Charles VI. Became empress of Hapsburg at age 23.

Question 12

Fredrick William “Great Elector”

Answer 12

(1620-1688) Ruled for 48 years. Got nickname from political and military success.

Question 13

Fredrick I

Answer 13

(1657-1713) First King of Prussia in 1701. Grandfather of Fredrick the Great.

Question 14

Fredrick William I

Answer 14

Took control of Prussia after his father died. Built army so they could face their bitter rival, Austria.

Question 15

Fredrick II “Frederick the Great”

Answer 15

Became king of Prussia in 1740. Made military a great power in Europe. Sparked the the War of Austrian Succession.

Question 16

Peter the III

Answer 16

Russian tsar aka Peter the Great. Gained full power of government in 1689 and set Russia on path of becoming great power.

Question 17

Charles V

Answer 17

(1519-1556) Charles I became heir of Hapsburg empire which included HRE and the Netherlands. When he became ruler he changed his name to Charles V.

Question 18

Phillip II

Answer 18

(1556-1598) He expanded spanish influence and strengthened Catholic Church. Made his own power absolute. Made Spain foremost power in Europe. However, he spent tons of money.

Question 19

Ferdinand

Answer 19

(1469-until he unifies Spain) Grandparent of Charles V, unified Spain and forced religious unity.

Question 20

Mary Tudor

Answer 20

Daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon and was their only surviving child.

Question 21

Elizabeth I

Answer 21

(1474-1504) Daughter of Philip II and is the queen who knighted Philip II

Question 22

Francis Drake

Answer 22

(1540-1596) English captain known as Sea Dog and was told to rob Spanish ships and loot Spanish cities.

Question 23

El Greco

Answer 23

(1541-1614) “The Greek” he is a famous painter not of Spanish birth but considered famous Spanish painter.

Question 24

Miguel de Cervantes

Answer 24

(1547-1616) Most important writer of Spanish’s golden age. Wrote Don Quixote which are tales of Medieval chivalry.

Question 25

Henry VIII

Answer 25

1520s, responsible for the break off of the Catholic Church. He took over English church. 1534- passed Act of Supremacy making Henry ruler of the church.

Question 26

James I

Answer 26

Early 1600s, First Stuart monarch. Lectured Monarchs on divine rights.

Question 27

Charles I

Answer 27

1625 inherited the throne as an absolute monarch. He needed to raise taxes, forced him to summon parliament and signed the Petition of Right which made it so that the king couldnt raise tax without parliament consent.

Question 28

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 28

1650's, Genius general of Roundheads who defeat Caveliers in civil war. Created "New Model Army" which made positions in army based on skills not class.

Question 29

Charles II

Answer 29

1660, Popular ruler, reopened theaters and taverns. Reestablished Church of England but encouraged other religions.

Question 30

James II

Answer 30

Inherited throne in 1685, practiced Catholic faith openly, Fled from Glorious Revolution vs. Dutch Protestant William II

Question 31

30 Years War

Answer 31

War with all of Europe over religion. Lutherans vs. Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire. More of Hapsburgs vs. Bourbons but ended up being Hapsburgs vs. France

Question 32

War of Spanish Succession

Answer 32

(1701-1714) Louis XIV's (France) grandson, Philip II is ruler of Spain. European nations fought to balance power so that France and Spain would not united into one strong power that could dominate Europe. They were never able to unite.

Question 33

War of Austrian Succession

Answer 33

Frederick II seized the Hapsburg peninsula of Silesia. This sparked the war. Britain and Russia helped Maria Theresa and the Hapsburgs because they did not want to upset the balance of powers.

Question 34

7 Years War

Answer 34

(1756-1563) Fought between much of Europe, Russia, Africa and North America. Treaty of Paris was signed giving Britain a huge empire which caused a change in the balance of powers.

Question 35

Ottomans

Answer 35

Turkish Empire. Were defeated in the Battle of Lepanto by Spanish.

Question 36

Louis XVI

Answer 36

Leader of France. Took away Edict of Nantes

Question 37

William and Mary

Answer 37

Mary is the daughter of Charles II and her husband is William. They were asked to rule after James II. Overthrow of James II was known as the Glorious Revolution. They had to accept the English Bill of Rights before becoming rulers.

Question 38

Habsburg

Answer 38

Austrian family of rulers.

Question 39

Hollenzollern

Answer 39

Prussia family of rulers.