APES CH 13 + 20 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Examples of viruses
Hepatitis B, Pollo
Examples of bacteria
Typhoid, cholera, dysentery, enteritis
Parasitic Protozoa
Amoebic dysentery
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidium
Parasitic worms
Schistosomiasis
Anclyostomiasis
5 steps in a water treatment plant
- Hits water with ozone to break up organic molecules
- Add alum to the water to cause the particles to clump together.
- These particles then sink to the bottom to form sediment and the water moves on
- Water passes through a filtration system where it moves through sand and gravel.
- Small amounts of chlorine are added to water to disinfect it.
- Sometime UV light, ozone are added as well
What is the residence time of Lake Michigan? How much water is in Lake Michigan?
70-100 year residence. 1x10^12 gallons
Describe the Waste water treatment process
- Moves through a bar screen to stop an big objects
- Then alum is added to tank to settle more organic material. By now 60% of suspended solids are out and 30% of oxygen demanding water
- Sludge is formed which is either dumped into landfill or ocean, burned or used as fertilizer.
- Water filters through sand and gravel. By now 90% of oxygen demanding waste removed.
- Waste water is mixed with oxygen and bacteria to keep the bacteria alive so it can keep decomposing material.
- Then either chlorine is added, UV light is added or ozone.
What are the levels from top to bottom of an aquifer?
Zone of aeration is on top. Then the water table. Then the zone of saturation. Then impermeable clay and then deeper aquifers.
Explain zone of aeration and saturation, water table and natural and linear recharge
Zone of aeration - area where it’s sand and gravel but no water just air in between.
Zone of saturation - the same sand and gravel but the spaces are filled with water.
Water table - line between zone of saturation and aeration.
Linear and natural recharge - sometime recharge happens with a pool that is directly connected to aquifer which is linear recharge
Globally, how does our fresh water get split up between agriculture, industrial and domestic
Agriculture uses 70% of water
Industrial plants use 23% of their water to cool down their plants. (Non consumptive)
8% is used for domestic use. (Non consumptive)
What is fresh water like for developing countries like China and India?
1/5 of kids die of diarrheal diseases
Much less sanitation and access to clean water! Where most well developed countries, pretty much everyone has fresh water and sanitation.
Beijing North to South Water Divison
Drought in northern china. Pollution of yellow river. Taking water from Yangtze and putting in in yellow river.
Saudi Arabian Water Crisis
Huge water shortage. More water means more oil needs to be used. Starting to use water filtration from ocean.
The Chesapeake Bay
Chemical pollution of mercury, PCBs and pesticides. Nations largest estuary is slowly depleting.
Three Gorges Dam
Yangtze one of most polluted rivers in world. Dam makes water worse.
Bangladesh Flooding
Frequent and excessive flooding. Located in flood plain and has monsoons.
Red Tides
Out of control algal blooms which cause discoloration, releases toxins, and depletes oxygen.
Ogalalla Aquifer
Surpassing rate if recharge by 10-40x. Over use of irrigation.
James Bay
Hydroelectric plant that disrupts ecosystem. People forced to relocate.
Typhoid
Spreads through drinking wager and comes from feces and urine.
Cholera
Small intestines disease. Caused by contaminated floods
Golf of Mexico
Dead zones or hypoxia where there is an over use of oxygen which causes ecosystem to die.
The Nile
Annual flooding allowed for crops. Dam was built which stopped flood, stored water and used hydropower. The higher dam that was built caused fertilizers to drain into it making it useless
Jordon river basin
Scarcity of water in surrounding areas. Warfare in Arab nations. Jordon has channel system but Israel doesn’t.
