World Civ Final Flashcards
This deck was created by combining two or more decks (375 cards)
0
Q
Minoans
A
The early civilization that developed on the island of Crete. They were very advanced with running water. Worshipped bull and earth goddess
1
Q
Euclid
A
Contributed greatly to the development of geometry. Showed how geometric statements flow logically from one to another
2
Q
Dionysus
A
God of vineyards and of the harvest of grapes. Known for sexuality and drunkeness.
3
Q
Santorini
A
An island located in the southern Aegean sea.
4
Q
Odyssey
A
Tells about Oddysseus journey home
5
Q
Zeno
A
Established the Stoic philosophy
6
Q
Archons
A
Rulers in ancient Greece who ruled for one year
7
Q
Hellenistic culture
A
A way of life that combined values and ideas from the Mediterranean and Asia
8
Q
Epicurean
A
An idea based on finding pleasure in moderation. Pleasure can be achieved by personal relationships
9
Q
Salamis straight
A
.
10
Q
What is an example of a relative location in Greece?
A
South of Balkan Peninsula West of Aegean Sea
11
Q
What is an example of movement in Greece?
A
Export olive and wine and import grain, gold and silver
12
Q
What are the characteristics of polis?
A
Small land, less than 10,000 people, forts were built on an acropolis, had an agora
13
Q
Sopphos
A
Ancient greek poet. Described everyday themes and feelings of woman
14
Q
Linear B
A
A writing system created by the Minoans
15
Q
Ephors
A
5 officials in Sparta who made sure that the ruler didn’t abuse his power
16
Q
Terracing
A
Carving small flat spots of land from hillsides to use for farming
17
Q
What was the goal for Spartas military?
A
To make every male adult a part of the “military machine”
18
Q
What is an oligarchy?
A
A government ruled by elites
19
Q
How was excellence rewarded according to Pericles?
A
Excellence is rewarded by being preferred to the public service.
20
Q
Epistemology
A
Study of sources, nature and the limits of knowledge
21
Q
Pedagogy
A
study of reaching and learning
22
Q
What are some effects of polis?
A
Togetherness, sacrifice, pride and motivation, independence, no unity which led to fighting, experimentation.
23
Q
What was Alexander the Greats 4 main goals?
A
- Conquer the world
- Spread Greek culture
- To manage an empire
- To become a divine monarch
24
Pericles
The Athenian general who led Athens against Sparta
| Also allowed all people to be in government
25
Pythagoras
Everything could be explained by math. Created Pythagorean Theorem.
26
Sophocles
Writer of tragedies, defended many traditional Greek values. Most famous play is Oedipus Rex
27
Phillip II
King who was taken hostage in Thebes for 3 yrs and learned about organized armies thought the Thebes army.
28
Pedagogue
A male slave who teaches a young boys manners
29
Study of public speaking and debating
Rhetoric
30
Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes attacked Greece but was stopped for several days by the Phalanx formation of the Greeks. However a Greek traitor show the way around the mountains so that they could flank the Greeks. The Persians would eventually win the war even though they lost many men
31
Philosophy
Study of basic questions of reality and human existence
32
Athena
Goddess of wisdom, civilizations and warfare. Zeus' daughter.
33
Dramas
Plays containing action or dialogue that had a conflict and emotion
34
Columns
A type of architecture in Ancient Greece that were long poles that held up buildings. There were three kinds - Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
35
The theory of forms
Platos most important idea that said that all material things were imperfect expressions of perfect and universal ideas
36
Archimedes
Greatest scientist of Hellenistic period. Calculated value of pi. And the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
37
Draco
The first legislator of Athens.
38
Agora
A market place in polis
39
Xerxes
General of the Persian army and son of Darius. Battled in the Battle of Thermopylae.
40
Athens
A polis that turned to sea for trading and food bc soil was very infertile. Had an aristocratic government
41
Tragedies
A form of Greek drama where the main character struggles a fate or troubling events
42
Peistratus
He was a tyrant of Athens. He is famous for the Panathenaic Festival.
43
Cynicism
Idea based on violating laws and exposing hypocrisy. Seeing the bad in people
44
Hubris
.
45
What is an example of place in Greece?
Long jagged and uneven coastlines. And colonization
46
What is an example of regions?
Polis or city states bc they have common religion language, population and land
47
Why did Achilles want to figh Hector in the Illiad?
To be remembered forever!!
48
Homer
Poet in Ancient Greece times who write the odyssey and Iliad. He was blind.
49
Hoplites
People who studied humanity. Smartness was thought to overrule government and so they put them to fight in war
50
Direct democracy
Everyone has his own equal say in the government
51
Stoicism
An idea based on living a simple life, modeled after nature. To control your emotions. Just go with the flow
52
What is the best form of military weapons systemic the best?
HEAVY INFANTRY
53
What is demagogue?
To manipulate emotions
54
What qualifies did Athenians admire?
Beauty and manliness
55
Metaphysics
To study being
56
Who painted the School of Athens?
Raphael
57
What kind of weapons system did Alexander the great use?
All of them combined! Heavy and light infantry and cavalry
58
What did Epicuris's school focus on?
Simplicity and moderation and pleasure and friendship.
59
Myron
A one of the two greatest sculptors that lived during the golden age
60
Hippocrates
Founder of medical science
61
Euripides
Writer during golden age. Wrote trojan war
62
Demosthenes
Public speaker for Phillip II. Convinced Athens to lead Greece in a fight for liberty.
63
Sophists
Athenian men who opened schools of government for boys
64
A conflict between greece and Persia. Consisted of the Battle of Thermopylae and Marathon
Persian wars
65
Delian League
An alliance of all the city states in Greece and islands around it. Hey all chooses in money and soldiers to make a large army and navy. Athens led league
66
The Republic
Plato's famous dialogue that provided an allegory to help illustrate and explain his ideas about Epistemology and metaphysics
67
Apollo
God of sun, music, poetry, and literature
68
Sparta
A city in Greece that was primarily based on military strength. Had 3 social groups 1. Equals 2. Half citizens 3. Helots - had fear off an uprising by the helots
69
Socratic Method
Step 1 - Wonder
2. Guess
3. Cross examination
4. Accept hypothesis
5. Act accordingly
70
Alexandria
Greek city founded by Alexander the Great that had an road network that formed a regular grid.
71
Epicurus
Founder of Epicurean philosophy
72
Eratosthenes
Calculated the distance around the earth by finding the angle of the suns rays from different points on the globe. Honored by the Hellenistic ruler of Egypt to head the Library of Alexandria.
73
Mycenaeans
Civilization on the mainland that conquered the Minoans in 1400. Known as warring people. Built fort like cities in the Peloponnesus.
74
Solon
Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet.
75
Cleinsthenes
He reformed the constitution of Ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic level.
76
Helots
The lowest class of spartan society who conquered the Peloponnesus.
77
Representative Democracy
One person speaks for a community
78
Archipelago
A collection or chain of islands
79
Skepticism
Idea based on doubting others ideas and assumptions. Never satisfied with facts
80
"open season"
.
81
Charonea
.
82
What is an exampl of HEI in Greece?
Great traders by sea. They export olives and import grain.
83
What 3 things did Greek religion want to explain?
1. Explain nature
2. Explain emotions and why people lose control
3. Religion could then bring them benefits like long life and good harvest
84
Metics
Non citizens in Athenian society
85
Iliad
story written by homer about the Mycenaeans battling troy for 10 years. Only oddysseus survives
86
Orators
Public speakers
87
Why did ancient Greeks sponser the Olympic Games?
To honor Zeus, to celebrate physical excellence, to promote competition to honor their polis
88
What is a monarchy?
A government ruled by generations of family
89
Battle of Salamis
Athenians tricked Xerxes into destroying Athens. Later the Greek navy destroyed Persian ships in the straights. Then Athenians teamed up with Spartans to defeat Persians on land.
90
What were some of the characteristics of the Socratic method?
Skeptical
Conversational
Conceptual
Inductive and deductive
91
Aesthetics
Study of what's beautiful
92
Thucydides
Created history by starting to make recordings of the Peloponnesian war
93
What are hypaspists?
Soldiers Alexander used in the heat of the battle
94
What god was celebrated in Greek theater?
Dionysus
95
Peloponnesian war
A war between Sparta and Athens that lasted for 27 years
96
Socrates
A philosopher who taught that education was the key to human growth. He was sentenced to death for denying Greek gods and corrupting the youth.
97
Herodotus
The first historian of the western world that traveled to Babylonia, Phoenicia and Egypt. Was know. As the father of history. However he wrote romantic stories which were second or third hand accounts of stories. Some were in accurate to make the story interesting.
98
Aristophanes
Finest writer of Greek comedies, used comedies to portray the causes and effects of war
99
Alexander the Great
Phillip II son. Conquered from Gr
100
Ethics
A study of good and bad and what of moral duty
101
Battle of Marathon
King Darius of Persia launched an invasion on Greece and landed 26.2 miles north of Athens. Persians were then defeated bc their navy was defeated by the Athenian army bc they took advantage of their knowledge of their own land
102
Golden age
A very prosperous time in Athens that was primarily led by Pericles
103
Zeus
He father of all gods. He controlled the sky, rain and storms.
104
Aristocracy
Polis's that are controlled by nobles
105
Who were the equals?
A social level in Sparta that descended from invaders. They controlled the city state
106
Academy
A school developed by Plato to tech his ideas.
107
Chandragupta II
Great Guptan leader I the golden age
108
Liu Ch'e
Longest ruling Han emperor
109
Aryabhata
Indian mathematician who used quadratics
110
Zhou Dynasty
Did not have centralized gov't
Formed feudal system
Feudal regions began to fight for power and the Warring State arose
111
What is an example of place in India?
Monsoons is India are unique climatic characteristics in India
112
What is an example of a physical region in India?
Any of the mountain ranges - Himalayas, Hindu Kush
| The Deccan Plateau
113
Who was he goddess Agni?
She was the god of fire and messenger
| She had three heads and 7 arms and 3 legs
114
What were the three rules of law in legalism that Chinese rulers were interested in and what do they mean?
Fa - the rule of law and was a supreme that laws should control individuals
Shi - legitimacy or control
Shu - the art of ruling
115
Chi
Energy
116
Daoism
Go with the flow and it's neither good nor bad
117
What does Confucius believe paves the way to civic obedience?
To serve ones elders
118
How did the Shang Dynasty fall?
Their military was exhausted
Regions in country formed alliances and took over. This alliances was known as the Zhou. Shang was ruthless and unfit to rule.
119
Animism
The belief that all things even non living things have souls or spirits
120
Loess
A yellowish soil that was found in the yellow water. It is very fertile therefore very good for farming
121
Panchatantra
A collection of animal fables written in Sanskrit
122
Mauryan Empire
Ruled by the famous Aśoka
Had rigid bureaucracy
Very advanced empire
123
What are the four noble truths?
1. Life is suffering
- physical pain
- phycological pain
- dissatisfaction
2. Suffering caused by desire
3. Suffering can be overcome
4. Overcome suffering by following the eightfold path
124
Deities
Lesser divine beings (Gods and Goddesses) with specific responsibilities and purpose
125
Great renunciation
When the Buddha left his fathers palace at the age of 29.
126
What are the three qualities of the eightfold path?
Wisdom, morality, meditation
127
Upanishads
Written explanations of the Vedic Religion
128
What is the Bhagavad Gita about?
It is a story about Prince Arjuna and the God Vishnu who has taken human form to fight a battle. Also known as the "Song of the Lord"
129
Gupta Empire
Spread territory through conquest and intermarriage
| Land spread from the Bay of Bengal of the Arabian Sea (northern India)
130
Enlightenment
in Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe
131
Harrapan Civilization
Very advanced civilization
- strong centralized gov't
- farmers grew cotton, wheat, barley and rice
- traded with people of Tigris - Euphrates with cotton, cloth, bronze, gold, silver
- developed a writing system called pictographs
- many people think that they disappeared by a natural disaster or invaders that took over
132
Reincarnation
The belief that after you die your soul is reborn into another life
133
Citadel
A fortress built to protect a city
134
Subcontinent
A large landmass that is geographically separated from the rest of the continent
135
Four Noble Truths
as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism
136
Kshatriya
The second caste consisting of rulers, warriors, and landowners; their job was to become skilled with weapons. "Leaders"
137
Untouchables
The lowest level of Indian society; they were not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult. "rebels"
138
Nirvana
in Buddhist belief, union with the universe and release from the cycle or rebirth
139
Karma
The belief that how a person lives will affect their next life
140
Vaishya
The third caste consisting of farmers and merchants; their job was to sell and trade goods. "Doers"
141
Hinduism
India's first major religion
142
What is the theory that the Aryans originated from Ukraine
The kurgan hypothesis
143
Mahavira
A Hinduist who expanded the Hindu thought.
144
Liu bang
A commoner who founded the Qin dynasty
145
Krishna
Central figure of Hinduism
146
Calligraphy
The writing of the Shang Dynasty
147
What is an example of location in India?
The Himalayas are on the northern border of India
148
What was an example of movement in India?
The Khyber pass because it was a way of transportation of goods and people through the Hindu Kush
149
Why was Aśoka known as an enlightened ruler?
He became a Buddhist because he supposedly became sick of the bloody battles.
150
Zeiran
Trust your instincts
151
Dao
The way of nature
152
Confucianism
Positive and strong behavior also have respect for your elders
153
Who is the "Beloved of the Gods?"
Aśoka
154
Shang Dynasty
Took over Huang River Valley and took over the Xia
Were legalisms so they had harsh punishments
Economy based on agriculture
Artisans worked with precious clay called Kaolin
Had lunar and solar calendars
Believed in animism and that Shangdi controlled human destiny
Spoke dialects and variations of other languages
Used calligraphy as writing
155
Dikes
Wall that were used to stop the flooding into the crops
156
Inoculation
The placement that something will grow or reproduce
157
Suttee
An Indian custom that the widow would burn herself when her husband dies
158
Who was Chandragupta's grandson who ruled the Mauryan Empire?
Aśoka
159
Brahman
The one supreme power, or divine (Godly) force, that everything is a part of
160
Mahayana
A branch of Buddhism known to believe that the buddha was the god an savior and they had more ceremonies and not teaching.
161
Brahmin
The highest caste consisting of priests, teachers, and judges; their job was to study and teach the Vedas. "Thinkers"
162
Ramayana
Story of Rama (prince) and incarnation of God Vishnu. Rama and Sita were great role models
163
What were the 3 ways the Buddhist believed were available?
1. Aesthetic (denial)
2. Indulgence (desires)
3. The middle or best way
- Buddhas path to enlightenment
164
Who founded the Gupta Empire?
Chandra Gupta
165
Maya
The belief that the rest if the world is an illusion.
166
Siddhartha Gautama
founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha
167
Dravidians
Dark skinned people found in southern India and the Indus River Valley Civilizations
168
How did the Gupta Empire fall?
Government became less centralized and invaders took advantage if this and toon control of them
169
Granary
A place to store grain
170
Plateau
A flat area of land that elevated, or raised, above the land around it
171
Himalayas
Located in Asia and home of the Hindu Kush and Mt. Everest.
172
Dharma
Law, obligation, and duty (to live as one should)
173
Khyber Pass
a 28 mile-long gap between the mountains that connects central Asia to the Indian subcontinent
174
Samsara
The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
175
Sanskrit
The ancient language of India
176
Caste System
Social classes of India
177
What is the reunification of ones atman and Brahman?
Moksha
178
Laozi
Founded daoism
179
Cheng
.
180
Varuna
God f sky and water and of law and the underworld
181
What is Jainism?
A branch of Hinduism that believes in moksha and jigs or the individual soul
182
What is an example of HEI in India?
The rich soil in India provides the farmers with good crops for food
183
Who was the god Dyaus?
God/goddess of sky and fertility
184
Why was Aśoka known as a ruthless conquerer?
He killed many people in battles jus to gain land and power
185
Wu-wei
Non action
186
Why does cook Ting focus so much on every little movement of cutting an ox?
In the daoism religion you have to be in rhythm with nature idk
187
Legalism
Harsh punishments to resolve issues
188
What are two similarities and differences between traditional American families and traditional Chinese families?
Americans: Men and woman get married and they have children
Chinese: ancestor worship and their extended family lives together
189
Why did the ancient Chinese worship their ancestors?
They believed that they would be with them and tht they could protect them throughout life
190
What was known as "China's Sorrow?"
Huang river
191
Stupa
The buddhists place of worship
192
Polygyny
A term that means a man has two or more wives
193
Who was the founder of the Mauryan Empire?
Chandragupta Mauryan
194
What are the 8 attributes of the eightfold path?
1. Right views
2. Right thoughts
3. Right speech
4. Right actions
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right contemplations
195
Sect
a subgroup of a major religious group
196
Monism
Beliefs in spirits and that god is in the spirits of everything.
197
Theravada
A branch of Buddhism known to have followed the traditional beliefs of Buddhism.
198
What is raja?
Another term for a prince or ruler. Used in India
199
Mahabarata
A famous battle in a Kingdom of northern India. Contains Bhagavad Gita.
200
Buddhism
India's second major religion
201
Castes
The different social classes of India
202
What religion became popular in the Gupta Empire?
Hinduism
203
Eightfold Path
as taught by the Buddha, the path one must follow to reach nirvana
204
Aryans
A group of people who traveled through central Asia and entered northern India through the Khyber Pass
205
Monsoon
A strong wind that brings heavy rain to southern Asia in the summer
206
Buddha
term meaning "Enlightened one" or "awakened one"
207
Cultural Diffusion
The spread of culture (ideas, values, beliefs, goods, etc...) from one cultural group to another
208
Shudra
The fourth caste consisting of craftworkers and laborers/agriculturalists; their job was to be servants and workers of low status. "Followers"
209
Vedas
A collection of Hindu sacred texts written in Sanskrit
210
Harijan
"child of god" Gandhi's term for an "untouchable"
211
Howard Carter
discovered Tut's tomb in 1922
212
Upper Egypt
area of Egypt located in the SOUTHERN area
213
Phoenicians
Great sea traders of the Mediterranean. Narrow strip of the Syrian coast. They were semetic and were great ship builders and navigators.
214
Old kingdom
Highest point of Egyptian civilization. Located along the nile. In the 3rd millennium
215
Lower Egypt
area of Egypt located in the NORTHERN area by the delta
216
delta
marshy triangular shaped area located in the northern area of Egypt
217
"kings eyes and ears"
The act of securing information of a military or political nature that a competing nation holds a secret
218
Zoroastrianism
May have been first monotheistic faith. Separated good and evil. Primarily used in Persia.
219
Lord Carnarvon
paid for the search for King Tut's tomb
220
Sphinx
monument built with the head of the pharaoh (Khafre) and the body of a lion
221
Persians
Most civilized organization in the middle east. Conquered Iran, Asia minor, Babylonia and the Nile valley. Used light armor and weapons. Used smart military tactics.
222
dynasty
power passed to other male family members upon death
223
Akhenaten
created the world's first monotheistic religion
224
Assyrians and Babylonians
Competing for dominance in Iraq.
Babylonia - ruled by priests ruled the nation CODE OF HAMMURABI.
Assyria - ruled by harsh general who had an organized military power.
225
Rosetta stone
artifact that had the same message written in 3 languages; key to understanding hieroglyphics
226
Great Pyramid
largest of the 3 pyramids at Giza
227
mastaba
earliest type of Egyptian tomb
228
scribes
people that could read or write in ancient times
229
Hittites
Civilization north of Mediterranean sea. They developed cuneiform writing.
230
hieroglyphics
system of writing of the Egyptians
231
Characteristics if Egyptian civilization.
Pharaohs were living gods and ruled Egypt.
Amon Re was the greatest god - polytheism - many gods- horas, Osiris, Isis.
Rosetta stone was discovered to read hieroglyphics
Middle kingdom.
Ma'at - cosmic order
232
Ziggurats
Sumerian temples
233
Step pyramid
tomb built for Pharaoh Zoser
234
pharaoh
a ruler of ancient Egypt; king
235
cartouche
oval loop that contained the name of the pharaoh
236
Akkadians
King Sargon
| War and conquest provided farmland and natural resources.
237
Ankh
One of the symbols of the Nile. A.K.A the key of life or the key of the Nile.
238
Tutankhamen
boy king who ruled for 9 years
239
Nile
longest river in the world, flows from south to NORTH
240
Sumerians
Epic of Gilgamesh.
Irrigation and barley
Gods were anthropomorphic or fickle
241
"eater of the dead"
Ammit
242
Hatshepsut
female pharaoh to dress as a king and wear the false beard
243
Egypt
country located in the northeastern corner of Africa
244
12 tribes of Israel
12 sections of Israel based on 12 sons of Jacob
245
New kingdom
Peak of Egyptian power. Controlled all of land near and around the Nile. 1550 - 1069 BC
246
Imhotep
visier of Pharaoh Zoser
247
papyrus
a reed found growing along the Nile River
248
Commodities
Silver, gold, oil, etc.
249
Hyksos
Took over eastern Nile delta.
250
surplus
more than enough; extra; excess
251
Phoenician alphabet
Not pictographic writing system. Used by Phoenicians.
252
Middle kingdom
Between 2055 and 1650 BC. Osiris ruled Egypt
253
cradle of civilization
Mesopotamia is where the world's first civilization began
254
empire
a collection of kingdoms under the power of one powerful ruler
255
Tigris and Euphrates
two rivers that form the outside border of Mesopotamia
256
Persia
foreign empire who conquered Mesopotamia and ended its power forever
257
edubba
a Sumerian school where young boys learned reading, writing and arithmetic
258
Fertile Crescent
arc of good farmland in SW Asia
259
levees
raised areas of earth created to hold back floodwaters
260
monarch
single ruler who holds complete power
261
Code of Hammurabi
Hammurabi's greatest achievement-set of laws
262
polytheism
belief in many gods
263
myth
traditional story that uses gods and heroes to tell about people's beliefs
264
priest-kings
earliest rulers of Sumerian city-states
265
wheel
Sumerian invention that improved land trade
266
Hammurabi
greatest ruler of the babylonian Empire; he expanded and united the Empire. King
267
city-state
an independent city
268
elements of nature
Sumerian gods represented these
269
irrigation
system used to carry water from a river to crop fields
270
city wall
each city-state was surrounded by this for protection
271
Mesopotamia
the land between the rivers
272
trade and farming
two ways that Sumerians gained wealth
273
scribe
a professional writer in the ancient world
274
irrigate
to water crops
275
Sumer, Babylon, Assyria
three Mesopotamian civilizations, in the order that they rose to power
276
cuneiform
1st writing system-wedge-shaped
277
ziggurat
a Sumerian temple
278
stylus
a wedged shaped instrument made out of a reed, used in cuneiform writing
279
pictograph
earliest form of writing; used pictures to represent objects
280
Sumer
First civilization-where writing was invented
281
Sargon I
created the world's first empire-a leader - in ancient Mesopotamia
282
Gilgamesh
mythical Sumerian king who searched for immortality-one of ancient Mesopotamia's most legendary historical figures
283
wedge
early writing tool used to make cuneiform
284
retribution
Babylonian idea that punishment should be equal to crime committed
285
Nebuchadnezzar
king who ruled the New Babylonians
286
3,000 BC
date writing was invented
287
sacrifice
gifts of food, wine, and other valuables to a god
288
Epistemology
Study of sources, nature and the limits of knowledge
289
Pedagogy
study of reaching and learning
290
What are some effects of polis?
Togetherness, sacrifice, pride and motivation, independence, no unity which led to fighting, experimentation.
291
What was Alexander the Greats 4 main goals?
1. Conquer the world
2. Spread Greek culture
3. To manage an empire
4. To become a divine monarch
292
Pericles
The Athenian general who led Athens against Sparta
| Also allowed all people to be in government
293
Pythagoras
Everything could be explained by math. Created Pythagorean Theorem.
294
Sophocles
Writer of tragedies, defended many traditional Greek values. Most famous play is Oedipus Rex
295
Phillip II
King who was taken hostage in Thebes for 3 yrs and learned about organized armies thought the Thebes army.
296
Pedagogue
A male slave who teaches a young boys manners
297
Study of public speaking and debating
Rhetoric
298
Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes attacked Greece but was stopped for several days by the Phalanx formation of the Greeks. However a Greek traitor show the way around the mountains so that they could flank the Greeks. The Persians would eventually win the war even though they lost many men
299
Philosophy
Study of basic questions of reality and human existence
300
Athena
Goddess of wisdom, civilizations and warfare. Zeus' daughter.
301
Dramas
Plays containing action or dialogue that had a conflict and emotion
302
Columns
A type of architecture in Ancient Greece that were long poles that held up buildings. There were three kinds - Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
303
The theory of forms
Platos most important idea that said that all material things were imperfect expressions of perfect and universal ideas
304
Archimedes
Greatest scientist of Hellenistic period. Calculated value of pi. And the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
305
Draco
The first legislator of Athens.
306
Agora
A market place in polis
307
Xerxes
General of the Persian army and son of Darius. Battled in the Battle of Thermopylae.
308
Athens
A polis that turned to sea for trading and food bc soil was very infertile. Had an aristocratic government
309
Tragedies
A form of Greek drama where the main character struggles a fate or troubling events
310
Peistratus
He was a tyrant of Athens. He is famous for the Panathenaic Festival.
311
Cynicism
Idea based on violating laws and exposing hypocrisy. Seeing the bad in people
312
Hubris
.
313
What is an example of place in Greece?
Long jagged and uneven coastlines. And colonization
314
What is an example of regions?
Polis or city states bc they have common religion language, population and land
315
Why did Achilles want to figh Hector in the Illiad?
To be remembered forever!!
316
Homer
Poet in Ancient Greece times who write the odyssey and Iliad. He was blind.
317
Hoplites
People who studied humanity. Smartness was thought to overrule government and so they put them to fight in war
318
Direct democracy
Everyone has his own equal say in the government
319
Stoicism
An idea based on living a simple life, modeled after nature. To control your emotions. Just go with the flow
320
What is the best form of military weapons systemic the best?
HEAVY INFANTRY
321
What is demagogue?
To manipulate emotions
322
What qualifies did Athenians admire?
Beauty and manliness
323
Metaphysics
To study being
324
Who painted the School of Athens?
Raphael
325
What kind of weapons system did Alexander the great use?
All of them combined! Heavy and light infantry and cavalry
326
What did Epicuris's school focus on?
Simplicity and moderation and pleasure and friendship.
327
Myron
A one of the two greatest sculptors that lived during the golden age
328
Hippocrates
Founder of medical science
329
Euripides
Writer during golden age. Wrote trojan war
330
Demosthenes
Public speaker for Phillip II. Convinced Athens to lead Greece in a fight for liberty.
331
Sophists
Athenian men who opened schools of government for boys
332
A conflict between greece and Persia. Consisted of the Battle of Thermopylae and Marathon
Persian wars
333
Delian League
An alliance of all the city states in Greece and islands around it. Hey all chooses in money and soldiers to make a large army and navy. Athens led league
334
The Republic
Plato's famous dialogue that provided an allegory to help illustrate and explain his ideas about Epistemology and metaphysics
335
Apollo
God of sun, music, poetry, and literature
336
Sparta
A city in Greece that was primarily based on military strength. Had 3 social groups 1. Equals 2. Half citizens 3. Helots - had fear off an uprising by the helots
337
Socratic Method
Step 1 - Wonder
2. Guess
3. Cross examination
4. Accept hypothesis
5. Act accordingly
338
Alexandria
Greek city founded by Alexander the Great that had an road network that formed a regular grid.
339
Epicurus
Founder of Epicurean philosophy
340
Eratosthenes
Calculated the distance around the earth by finding the angle of the suns rays from different points on the globe. Honored by the Hellenistic ruler of Egypt to head the Library of Alexandria.
341
Mycenaeans
Civilization on the mainland that conquered the Minoans in 1400. Known as warring people. Built fort like cities in the Peloponnesus.
342
Solon
Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet.
343
Cleinsthenes
He reformed the constitution of Ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic level.
344
Helots
The lowest class of spartan society who conquered the Peloponnesus.
345
Representative Democracy
One person speaks for a community
346
Archipelago
A collection or chain of islands
347
Skepticism
Idea based on doubting others ideas and assumptions. Never satisfied with facts
348
"open season"
.
349
Charonea
.
350
What is an exampl of HEI in Greece?
Great traders by sea. They export olives and import grain.
351
What 3 things did Greek religion want to explain?
1. Explain nature
2. Explain emotions and why people lose control
3. Religion could then bring them benefits like long life and good harvest
352
Metics
Non citizens in Athenian society
353
Iliad
story written by homer about the Mycenaeans battling troy for 10 years. Only oddysseus survives
354
Orators
Public speakers
355
Why did ancient Greeks sponser the Olympic Games?
To honor Zeus, to celebrate physical excellence, to promote competition to honor their polis
356
What is a monarchy?
A government ruled by generations of family
357
Battle of Salamis
Athenians tricked Xerxes into destroying Athens. Later the Greek navy destroyed Persian ships in the straights. Then Athenians teamed up with Spartans to defeat Persians on land.
358
What were some of the characteristics of the Socratic method?
Skeptical
Conversational
Conceptual
Inductive and deductive
359
Aesthetics
Study of what's beautiful
360
Thucydides
Created history by starting to make recordings of the Peloponnesian war
361
What are hypaspists?
Soldiers Alexander used in the heat of the battle
362
What god was celebrated in Greek theater?
Dionysus
363
Peloponnesian war
A war between Sparta and Athens that lasted for 27 years
364
Socrates
A philosopher who taught that education was the key to human growth. He was sentenced to death for denying Greek gods and corrupting the youth.
365
Herodotus
The first historian of the western world that traveled to Babylonia, Phoenicia and Egypt. Was know. As the father of history. However he wrote romantic stories which were second or third hand accounts of stories. Some were in accurate to make the story interesting.
366
Aristophanes
Finest writer of Greek comedies, used comedies to portray the causes and effects of war
367
Alexander the Great
Phillip II son. Conquered from Gr
368
Ethics
A study of good and bad and what of moral duty
369
Battle of Marathon
King Darius of Persia launched an invasion on Greece and landed 26.2 miles north of Athens. Persians were then defeated bc their navy was defeated by the Athenian army bc they took advantage of their knowledge of their own land
370
Golden age
A very prosperous time in Athens that was primarily led by Pericles
371
Zeus
He father of all gods. He controlled the sky, rain and storms.
372
Aristocracy
Polis's that are controlled by nobles
373
Who were the equals?
A social level in Sparta that descended from invaders. They controlled the city state
374
Academy
A school developed by Plato to tech his ideas.
