Chapter 7 BioChem Test

Question 0

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 0

“highway” in a cell to transport materials

Question 1

mitochondria

Answer 1

creates energy for the cell (ATP) during respiration

Question 2

nucleolus

Answer 2

central region in the nucleus – makes ribosomes

Question 3

chloroplast

Answer 3

organelle in a plant cell that uses the sun’s energy to make sugar

Question 4

nuclear membrane

Answer 4

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

control center of the cell – contains genetic material

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

string-like state of chromosomes (contains DNA)

Question 7

chlorophyll

Answer 7

pigment in the chloroplast that makes the plant green and absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

jellylike fluid that holds organelles in place

Question 9

golgi body

Answer 9

packages and ships materials throughout the cell

Question 10

ribosome

Answer 10

creates proteins for the cell

Question 11

cell wall

Answer 11

rigid layer of a plant cell to provide protection and support

Question 12

vacuole

Answer 12

storage area for a cell (often holds food and water)

Question 13

organelle

Answer 13

a tiny structure that carries out a specific function for a cell

Question 14

cell membrane

Answer 14

thin layer that controls what goes in and out of a cell

Question 15

lysosome

Answer 15

organelle that breaks down waste for the cell

Question 16

concentration gradient

Answer 16

difference in concentration of a substance on two sides of a membrane

Question 17

facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins

Question 18

homeostasis

Answer 18

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 19

hydrophobic

Answer 19

repelled by water

Question 20

lipid bilayer

Answer 20

a thin membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules

Question 21

passive transport

Answer 21

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

Question 22

endocytosis

Answer 22

The process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells

Question 23

exocytosis

Answer 23

active transport process by which materials are secreted or expelled from a cell

Question 24

osmosis

Answer 24

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 25

diffusion

Answer 25

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 26

hypotonic solution

Answer 26

in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell

Question 27

cell membrane

Answer 27

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 28

hypertonic solution

Answer 28

in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to shrink as water leaves the cell

Question 29

phospholipid

Answer 29

A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids; consists of a hydrophilic polar head and two non-polar hydrophobic tails; forms cell membranes.

Question 30

active transport

Answer 30

energy-expending process by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient

Question 31

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 31

a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Question 32

hydrophilic

Answer 32

attracts water molecules

Question 33

equillibrium

Answer 33

a condition in which molecules are spread evenly(equally)

Question 34

isotonic solution

Answer 34

in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside a cell

Question 35

pinocytosis

Answer 35

cell drinking

Question 36

Cell theory

Answer 36

All living things are made out of cells

Question 37

Robby Hooke

Answer 37

Looked at dead bark

Question 38

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 38

Looked in water and described things inside as microanimals

Question 39

Micrograph

Answer 39

Picture or drawing of the field of view

Question 40

What is the difference of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 40

Prokaryotic - lacks a nucleus and most other membrane bound organelles, smaller, survive in extreme situations (salt, thermal ocean depths) Eukaryotic - has a nucleus and other bound membranes, have organelles, have a cytoskeleton

Question 41

What are the three things that membranes do?

Answer 41

Keeps cells organized

Question 42

What are membranes made out of?

Answer 42

Phospholipids and port

Question 43

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophiobic?

Answer 43

Tail

Question 44

What is the function of proteins in a membrane?

Answer 44

To carry out chemical reactions Pick up chemical signals Transport substances across

Question 45

Nuclear pores

Answer 45

Small holes that stuff comes in and out of

Question 46

Retrograde transport

Answer 46

The recycling of enzymes after they have carried the protein to their designated place. They return to the Golgi.

Question 47

Aquaporins

Answer 47

Water channel proteins that allow water to pass through the cell membranes

Question 48

Osmotic pressure

Answer 48

The force caused by the net movement of water in osmosis

Question 49

Transition electron microscope

Answer 49

Uses beams if electrons to examine thin slices of material | 2 - D images

Question 50

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 50

Uses lenses to focus light on a specimen

Question 51

Light microscope

Answer 51

Uses beams of electrons to view the surface of a specimen | Provides 3-D images