Ancient Greece Test Flashcards
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0
Q
Zeus
A
He father of all gods. He controlled the sky, rain and storms.
1
Q
Homer
A
Poet in Ancient Greece times who write the odyssey and Iliad. He was blind.
2
Q
Athena
A
Goddess of wisdom, civilizations and warfare. Zeus’ daughter.
3
Q
Apollo
A
God of sun, music, poetry, and literature
4
Q
Dionysus
A
God of vineyards and of the harvest of grapes. Known for sexuality and drunkeness.
5
Q
Draco
A
The first legislator of Athens.
6
Q
Solon
A
Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet.
7
Q
Peistratus
A
He was a tyrant of Athens. He is famous for the Panathenaic Festival.
8
Q
Cleinsthenes
A
He reformed the constitution of Ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic level.
9
Q
Sopphos
A
Ancient greek poet. Described everyday themes and feelings of woman
10
Q
Xerxes
A
General of the Persian army and son of Darius. Battled in the Battle of Thermopylae.
11
Q
Archipelago
A
A collection or chain of islands
12
Q
Santorini
A
An island located in the southern Aegean sea.
13
Q
Sparta
A
A city in Greece that was primarily based on military strength. Had 3 social groups 1. Equals 2. Half citizens 3. Helots - had fear off an uprising by the helots
14
Q
Who were the equals?
A
A social level in Sparta that descended from invaders. They controlled the city state
15
Q
Columns
A
A type of architecture in Ancient Greece that were long poles that held up buildings. There were three kinds - Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
16
Q
Socratic Method
A
Step 1 - Wonder
- Guess
- Cross examination
- Accept hypothesis
- Act accordingly
17
Q
Academy
A
A school developed by Plato to tech his ideas.
18
Q
The theory of forms
A
Platos most important idea that said that all material things were imperfect expressions of perfect and universal ideas
19
Q
Alexandria
A
Greek city founded by Alexander the Great that had an road network that formed a regular grid.
20
Q
Peloponnesian war
A
A war between Sparta and Athens that lasted for 27 years
21
Q
Pericles
A
The Athenian general who led Athens against Sparta
Also allowed all people to be in government
22
Q
Myron
A
A one of the two greatest sculptors that lived during the golden age
23
Q
Socrates
A
A philosopher who taught that education was the key to human growth. He was sentenced to death for denying Greek gods and corrupting the youth.
24
Pythagoras
Everything could be explained by math. Created Pythagorean Theorem.
25
Hippocrates
Founder of medical science
26
Herodotus
The first historian of the western world that traveled to Babylonia, Phoenicia and Egypt. Was know. As the father of history. However he wrote romantic stories which were second or third hand accounts of stories. Some were in accurate to make the story interesting.
27
Sophocles
Writer of tragedies, defended many traditional Greek values. Most famous play is Oedipus Rex
28
Euripides
Writer during golden age. Wrote trojan war
29
Aristophanes
Finest writer of Greek comedies, used comedies to portray the causes and effects of war
30
Phillip II
King who was taken hostage in Thebes for 3 yrs and learned about organized armies thought the Thebes army.
31
Demosthenes
Public speaker for Phillip II. Convinced Athens to lead Greece in a fight for liberty.
32
Alexander the Great
Phillip II son. Conquered from Gr
33
Zeno
Established the Stoic philosophy
34
Epicurus
Founder of Epicurean philosophy
35
Euclid
Contributed greatly to the development of geometry. Showed how geometric statements flow logically from one to another
36
Archimedes
Greatest scientist of Hellenistic period. Calculated value of pi. And the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
37
Eratosthenes
Calculated the distance around the earth by finding the angle of the suns rays from different points on the globe. Honored by the Hellenistic ruler of Egypt to head the Library of Alexandria.
38
Minoans
The early civilization that developed on the island of Crete. They were very advanced with running water. Worshipped bull and earth goddess
39
Mycenaeans
Civilization on the mainland that conquered the Minoans in 1400. Known as warring people. Built fort like cities in the Peloponnesus.
40
Linear B
A writing system created by the Minoans
41
Agora
A market place in polis
42
Iliad
story written by homer about the Mycenaeans battling troy for 10 years. Only oddysseus survives
43
Odyssey
Tells about Oddysseus journey home
44
Hoplites
People who studied humanity. Smartness was thought to overrule government and so they put them to fight in war
45
Helots
The lowest class of spartan society who conquered the Peloponnesus.
46
Ephors
5 officials in Sparta who made sure that the ruler didn't abuse his power
47
Athens
A polis that turned to sea for trading and food bc soil was very infertile. Had an aristocratic government
48
Metics
Non citizens in Athenian society
49
Archons
Rulers in ancient Greece who ruled for one year
50
Direct democracy
Everyone has his own equal say in the government
51
Representative Democracy
One person speaks for a community
52
Terracing
Carving small flat spots of land from hillsides to use for farming
53
Pedagogue
A male slave who teaches a young boys manners
54
Sophists
Athenian men who opened schools of government for boys
55
Ethics
A study of good and bad and what of moral duty
56
Study of public speaking and debating
Rhetoric
57
A conflict between greece and Persia. Consisted of the Battle of Thermopylae and Marathon
Persian wars
58
Battle of Marathon
King Darius of Persia launched an invasion on Greece and landed 26.2 miles north of Athens. Persians were then defeated bc their navy was defeated by the Athenian army bc they took advantage of their knowledge of their own land
59
Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes attacked Greece but was stopped for several days by the Phalanx formation of the Greeks. However a Greek traitor show the way around the mountains so that they could flank the Greeks. The Persians would eventually win the war even though they lost many men
60
Delian League
An alliance of all the city states in Greece and islands around it. Hey all chooses in money and soldiers to make a large army and navy. Athens led league
61
Golden age
A very prosperous time in Athens that was primarily led by Pericles
62
Philosophy
Study of basic questions of reality and human existence
63
The Republic
Plato's famous dialogue that provided an allegory to help illustrate and explain his ideas about Epistemology and metaphysics
64
Aristocracy
Polis's that are controlled by nobles
65
Dramas
Plays containing action or dialogue that had a conflict and emotion
66
Tragedies
A form of Greek drama where the main character struggles a fate or troubling events
67
Orators
Public speakers
68
Hellenistic culture
A way of life that combined values and ideas from the Mediterranean and Asia
69
Stoicism
An idea based on living a simple life, modeled after nature. To control your emotions. Just go with the flow
70
Skepticism
Idea based on doubting others ideas and assumptions. Never satisfied with facts
71
Epicurean
An idea based on finding pleasure in moderation. Pleasure can be achieved by personal relationships
72
Cynicism
Idea based on violating laws and exposing hypocrisy. Seeing the bad in people
73
"open season"
.
74
Salamis straight
.
75
Hubris
.
76
Charonea
.
77
What is an example of a relative location in Greece?
South of Balkan Peninsula West of Aegean Sea
78
What is an example of place in Greece?
Long jagged and uneven coastlines. And colonization
79
What is an exampl of HEI in Greece?
Great traders by sea. They export olives and import grain.
80
What is an example of movement in Greece?
Export olive and wine and import grain, gold and silver
81
What is an example of regions?
Polis or city states bc they have common religion language, population and land
82
What 3 things did Greek religion want to explain?
1. Explain nature
2. Explain emotions and why people lose control
3. Religion could then bring them benefits like long life and good harvest
83
What are the characteristics of polis?
Small land, less than 10,000 people, forts were built on an acropolis, had an agora
84
Why did Achilles want to figh Hector in the Illiad?
To be remembered forever!!
85
Why did ancient Greeks sponser the Olympic Games?
To honor Zeus, to celebrate physical excellence, to promote competition to honor their polis
86
What was the goal for Spartas military?
To make every male adult a part of the "military machine"
87
What is the best form of military weapons systemic the best?
HEAVY INFANTRY
88
What is a monarchy?
A government ruled by generations of family
89
What is an oligarchy?
A government ruled by elites
90
What is demagogue?
To manipulate emotions
91
Battle of Salamis
Athenians tricked Xerxes into destroying Athens. Later the Greek navy destroyed Persian ships in the straights. Then Athenians teamed up with Spartans to defeat Persians on land.
92
How was excellence rewarded according to Pericles?
Excellence is rewarded by being preferred to the public service.
93
What qualifies did Athenians admire?
Beauty and manliness
94
What were some of the characteristics of the Socratic method?
Skeptical
Conversational
Conceptual
Inductive and deductive
95
Epistemology
Study of sources, nature and the limits of knowledge
96
Metaphysics
To study being
97
Aesthetics
Study of what's beautiful
98
Pedagogy
study of reaching and learning
99
Who painted the School of Athens?
Raphael
100
Thucydides
Created history by starting to make recordings of the Peloponnesian war
101
What are some effects of polis?
Togetherness, sacrifice, pride and motivation, independence, no unity which led to fighting, experimentation.
102
What kind of weapons system did Alexander the great use?
All of them combined! Heavy and light infantry and cavalry
103
What are hypaspists?
Soldiers Alexander used in the heat of the battle
104
What was Alexander the Greats 4 main goals?
1. Conquer the world
2. Spread Greek culture
3. To manage an empire
4. To become a divine monarch
105
What did Epicuris's school focus on?
Simplicity and moderation and pleasure and friendship.
106
What god was celebrated in Greek theater?
Dionysus
