High Middle Ages

Question 0

Saladin

Answer 0

Muslim leader who gained control of the Jerusalem in the Third Crusade in 1187.

Question 1

Pope Urban II

Answer 1

Gave speech for 1st crusade at Claremont.

Question 2

Richard I (the lionhearted)

Answer 2

King of England who led an army into the Third Crusade.

Question 3

Dante Alighieri

Answer 3

Author of the Divine Comedy. Wrote with Vernacular Literature.

Question 4

Geoffrey Chaucer

Answer 4

Known as the father of English Literature. Poet who was the Author of the Canterbury Tales (English Vernacular Literature).

Question 5

Peter Abelard

Answer 5

Important Philosopher of Scholasticism. Wrote Sic et Non (Yes and No). Raised many questions about Churches teachings.

Question 6

Thomas Aquinos

Answer 6

Churches greatest philosopher and theologian. Blended Christian faith with Aristotelian philosophy. He believed that things could be understood through reason rather than through religion.

Question 7

Henry Tudor

Answer 7

Won the War of Roses when he was the House of Lancaster. Defeated King Richard III.

Question 8

Joan of Arc

Answer 8

A young girl who helped Charles VII of Orléans get crowned king of France.

Question 9

Louis XI

Answer 9

King of France. Made French monarchy even stronger. Seized the lands of the house of Burgundy.

Question 10

Ferdinand

Answer 10

Ruled Spain with Isabella. They captured Granada and drive the moors out. Ordered all Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity and as a result they were robbed.

Question 11

Isabella

Answer 11

Ruled Spain with Isabella. They captured Granada and drive the moors out. Ordered all Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity and as a result they were robbed.

Question 12

Phillip IV

Answer 12

King of France. Ordered the French clergy to pay taxes. Called first ever meeting of the Estates General because he wanted to support Pope Boniface. He charged Boniface with heresy and selling positions.

Question 13

Boniface III

Answer 13

Pope who was charged with Heresy and selling positions in the church.

Question 14

John Wycliffe

Answer 14

Translated bible into English. He was a priest and wanted to replace the authority of the Church

Question 15

Jan Hus

Answer 15

He was a religious reformer. He criticized church and was excommunicated. Then he was burned at the stake.

Question 16

Wat Tyler

Answer 16

Leader of the peasants revolt.

Question 17

“Just War” theory

Answer 17

When is it right to wage war. St. Augustine of Hippo said that you should follow the governments laws because they are established by God.

Question 18

What did just war require?

Answer 18

Proper authority 
Proper cause 
No ulterior motive
Last resort 
Reasonable chance of success
Proportionality 
Respect non combatants
Final result a clear improvement

Question 19

Seljuk Turks

Answer 19

Muslim people from Central Asia. Gained control of Palestine. Crusades began to stop them.

Question 20

Holy Land

Answer 20

Palestine

Question 21

Council of Clermont

Answer 21

Where Pope Urban II held his speech for the beginning of the first crusade.

Question 22

First Crusade

Answer 22

Byzantines received help from French and Italian to regain Palestine. They slaughtered all jews and Muslims and gained control of Jerusalem in 1099. Established feudalism and began setting there.

Question 23

Crusades

Answer 23

A series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land.

Question 24

Second crusade

Answer 24

When Turks began to regain the cities they captured. Louis VII and German King Conrad III were defeated in Damascus.

Question 25

Third Crusade

Answer 25

Muslim leader Saladin gained control of Jerusalem and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbossa, King Phillip II of France and King Richard I of England attempted and then failed to regain any land.

Question 26

Fourth Crusade

Answer 26

Pope Innocent III

Question 27

Children's Crusade

Answer 27

Young people marched to the Holy Land to regain it. Many were taken into slavery. Acre was the last Christian city still controlled by themselves but when it was taken over, the crusades ended.

Question 28

Flanders

Answer 28

Important trading center

Question 29

Hanseatic League

Answer 29

German trading centers joined to increase trade around Europe and Asia

Question 30

Barter economy

Answer 30

Goods and services were exchanged to other food and services instead of money.

Question 31

Usury

Answer 31

Loans. Church did not allow it.

Question 32

Capital

Answer 32

Money that is earned, saved and invested to make profits.

Question 33

Market economy

Answer 33

Land, labor and capital were owned by individual people.

Question 34

Merchant guild vs. Craft guild

Answer 34

Merchant guild - had the sole right to trade there Craft guild - Groups of individuals who all had the same skill and people could only make certain product of they were in the guild.

Question 35

Apprentice

Answer 35

Boys became these before they could become a journeyman. They were trained by the guilds.

Question 36

Journeyman

Answer 36

Skilled worker who would be paid by master.

Question 37

Masterpiece

Answer 37

A piece of work worthy of a master. When this was created a Journeyman could become a master himself.

Question 38

Troubadours

Answer 38

Traveling singers who wrote poems about love and chivalry.

Question 39

Theology

Answer 39

The study of religion and it's influence.

Question 40

Scholasticism

Answer 40

The attempt to bring faith and reason together.

Question 41

Romanesque

Answer 41

Heavy domed church roof. Arches, domes, vaults and low horizontal lines. Very dark inside.

Question 42

Gothic

Answer 42

Tall spires, buttresses to support roofs, high walls, large stain glass windows --> light inside and also had lots of statues.

Question 43

Hundred years war

Answer 43

Conflict between England and France. England won many battles but lost the wat.

Question 44

Agincourt

Answer 44

Home of the introduction of the longbow. This allowed the English to annihilate the French cavalry and infantry.

Question 45

Golden Bull of 1356

Answer 45

A decree that was issued by Charles IV that only allowed 7 people to vote for who should be emperor.

Question 46

Babylonian Captivity

Answer 46

When Clement V became Pope he moved headquarters to Avignon. The next 6 popes were stationed there and this time was called Babylonian Captivity.

Question 47

Great Schism

Answer 47

The church had two maybe three popes at once and this time was called the Great Schism. The church was divided into two opposing groups.

Question 48

Defender of the Faith

Answer 48

Book written by two teachers about the pope being elected head of church but had no power over worldly rulers.

Question 49

Petrine Theory

Answer 49

Saint Peter gave the Pope the representative or the vicar of Christ.

Question 50

What led to the decline of the church?

Answer 50

Crusades Black death Absolutism - merchants grew power and challenged church Rise of towns - towns people grew more important Rise of universities - spread the idea of reason and stopped Churches monopoly on learning