abuse, more fucking opioids, psychostimulants, and alcohol

Question 1

Abuse

Answer 1

Using a drug in a way that’s inconsistent with medical or social norms.

Question 2

Addiction

Answer 2

A disease process involving the continued use of a psychoactive substance despite physical, psychological, or social harm.

Question 3

Tolerance

Answer 3

Reduced drug response over time → higher doses needed for the same effect.

Question 4

Cross-Tolerance

Answer 4

Tolerance to drugs within the same class (e.g., opioids).

Question 5

Dependence

Answer 5

• Psychologic: Intense craving or perceived need for the drug.
• Physical: Withdrawal symptoms occur if use stops.

Question 6

Cross-Dependence

Answer 6

A different drug from the same class can prevent withdrawal symptoms.

Question 7

Withdrawal Syndrome

Answer 7

Physical and/or psychological symptoms when stopping a drug in someone who is dependent.
Usually opposite of drug effects (e.g., CNS depressant → CNS excitation).

Question 8

Heroin Use

Answer 8

Most common among 18–25-year-olds. Used by all social segments. Often first used socially or for pain management.

Question 9

Subjective Effects

Answer 9

IV use causes immediate sensations of pleasure, relaxation, warmth, and thirst, followed by euphoria. Initial use may also cause nausea or dysphoria.

Question 10

Routes of Administration

Answer 10

IV preferred; also smoked or inhaled nasally.

Question 11

Heroin Street Names

Answer 11

H, horse, junk, smack.

Question 12

High Lipid Solubility

Answer 12

Enhances rapid CNS penetration and effects.

Question 13

Oxycodone (OxyContin)

Answer 13

Street name: hillbilly heroin. Similar to morphine. Tabs crushed/snorted or dissolved for IV. High overdose risk due to immediate absorption.

Question 14

Meperidine (Demerol)

Answer 14

Preferred among healthcare workers. Effective orally (no needle marks). Less miosis.

Question 15

Detox: Methadone

Answer 15

Long-acting oral opioid. Produces mild withdrawal symptoms lasting ~10 days. Used for maintenance & suppressive therapy.

Question 16

Detox: Clonidine

Answer 16

Relieves N/V/D, muscle aches, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia.

Question 17

Buprenorphine (Subutex/Suboxone)

Answer 17

Used for maintenance and detox.

Question 18

Naltrexone (ReVia, Vivitrol)

Answer 18

Used to discourage relapse.

Question 19

Methamphetamine

Answer 19

AKA speed, crank, crystal meth, ice, glass. Taken orally, snorted, smoked, or IV. Can cause HTN, angina, stroke.

Question 20

Methamphetamine Treatment

Answer 20

CBT is primary. No approved drugs, but bupropion, modafinil, and ibudilast may be used.

Question 21

Cocaine (powder)

Answer 21

Snorted or IV. Causes CNS & CV stimulation and vasoconstriction.

Question 22

Crack Cocaine

Answer 22

Smoked (freebasing form). Rapid onset and intense effects.

Question 23

Cocaine OD Treatment

Answer 23

Diazepam/lorazepam, nitroprusside, sodium bicarb, aspirin, external cooling.

Question 24

Cocaine Addiction Treatment

Answer 24

Anti-cocaine vaccine, disulfiram (Antabuse).

Question 25

Alcohol Withdrawal: Benzos

Answer 25

Chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, oxazepam, lorazepam – ↓ symptoms, stabilize VS, prevent seizures & DTs.

Question 26

Beta-Blockers

Answer 26

Atenolol, propranolol – Improve VS, ↓ cravings, ↓ autonomic withdrawal symptoms.

Question 27

Alpha2 Agonist

Answer 27

Clonidine – ↓ autonomic withdrawal symptoms.

Question 28

Antiepileptics

Answer 28

Carbamazepine – ↓ symptoms and seizure prevention.

Question 29

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Answer 29

Causes unpleasant symptoms if alcohol is consumed (N/V, flushing, palpitations, headache, sweating).

Question 30

Naltrexone

Answer 30

Blocks alcohol’s pleasurable effects.

Question 31

Acamprosate (Campral)

Answer 31

Reduces abstinence symptoms.

Question 32

Banana Bag

Answer 32

Thiamine, folate, multivitamin in saline + dextrose. Used for supportive care in alcohol withdrawal. Yellow color due to multivitamin.