obesity + weight loss Flashcards
(19 cards)
What BMI is classified as obesity?
A BMI of ≥30 kg/m².
What waist circumference is considered obese in women and men?
≥ 35 in for women, ≥ 40 in for men.
What are the non-pharmacologic treatments for obesity?
Diet, exercise, behavior modification, and surgery.
What are the three main actions of weight management drugs?
- Suppress appetite, 2. Reduce absorption of nutrients, 3. Increase metabolic rate.
What is the action of Orlistat?
It is a lipase inhibitor that reduces the absorption of fat in the GI tract, promoting weight loss.
What are the common side effects of Orlistat?
Oily rectal leakage, flatulence with discharge, fecal urgency, increased defecation, and fecal incontinence.
What are the rare but serious side effects of Orlistat?
Severe liver damage, acute pancreatitis, and kidney stones.
What are the nursing considerations for Orlistat?
Monitor fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), take vitamins at a different time of day. Monitor PT/INR if on warfarin, and take levothyroxine 4 hours before or after Orlistat. Avoid high-fat meals.
What are the common side effects of GLP-1 agonists (e.g., Liraglutide, Semaglutide, Tirzepatide)?
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea.
What is the mechanism of action of GLP-1 agonists?
They slow gastric emptying and promote a feeling of fullness.
What are the common side effects of Sympathomimetics (e.g., Phentermine, Diethylpropion)?
CNS effects: increased alertness, decreased fatigue, nervousness, insomnia. PNS effects: tachycardia, angina, hypertension.
What are the serious side effects of Sympathomimetics?
Tachycardia, hypertension, and potential for abuse (Schedule IV).
What are the contraindications for Sympathomimetics?
Use with caution in patients with a history of heart problems or substance abuse.
What are the common side effects of Naltrexone/Bupropion combination?
Nausea, constipation, headache, dizziness, insomnia, increased blood pressure, dry mouth, abdominal discomfort, anxiety, and fatigue.
What is a serious side effect of Naltrexone/Bupropion combination?
Increased suicidal ideation.
What are the contraindications for Naltrexone/Bupropion combination?
Opioid use, uncontrolled hypertension, seizures, eating disorders, and withdrawal from alcohol, barbiturates, or benzodiazepines.
What are the common side effects of Phentermine/Topiramate combination?
Dry mouth, constipation, altered taste, nausea, blurred vision, dizziness, insomnia, paresthesias.
What are the serious side effects of Phentermine/Topiramate combination?
Memory impairment, difficulty concentrating, hypertension, tachycardia, birth defects, acute myopia, and acidosis.
What are the contraindications for Phentermine/Topiramate combination?
Glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, and use of MAO inhibitors.
