opioids part 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Where is opium extracted from?
Unripe poppy plant seeds.
What are opiates?
Natural substances from opium like morphine and codeine.
What is an opioid?
A synthetic drug with morphine-like activity.
When are opioids usually used?
For moderate to severe pain.
What risks do prolonged high doses of opioids carry?
Physical and psychological dependence.
What is a narcotic?
A morphine-like drug used to relieve pain.
What do opioid agonists do?
Activate mu and kappa receptors to relieve moderate to severe pain.
What do mixed opioid agonist-antagonists do?
Work on one receptor but block or do nothing on another; treat moderate pain with less risk.
What do opioid antagonists do?
Block mu and kappa receptors to treat opioid overdose.
What are common GI effects of opioids?
Nausea, vomiting, constipation.
What respiratory effect can opioids cause?
Respiratory depression.
What cardiovascular effect can opioids cause?
Orthostatic hypotension.
What brain-related risk is associated with opioids?
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
What are psychological effects of opioid use?
Euphoria, anxiety, dizziness, hallucinations.
Can opioids cause sedation?
Yes.
Do opioids cause CNS depression?
Yes.
Can opioids cause physical or psychological dependence?
Yes.
What other adverse effects are possible?
Urinary retention, pruritus, tolerance.
What does morphine relieve?
Pain.
What are common CNS effects of pain?
Drowsiness, mental clouding, reduced anxiety, euphoria.
Does morphine cause loss of consciousness?
No, it does not affect other senses or cause LOC.
How does morphine work?
Occupies mu and kappa receptors.
What are the routes of morphine administration?
PO, IM, IV, SubQ, epidural, intrathecal.
Why does little morphine reach the brain?
It has low lipid solubility and doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier easily.
