PUD + GERD Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the GI defenses?
Mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow, and prostaglandins help protect the stomach lining.
How does mucus protect the stomach?
Mucus acts as a barrier that protects the stomach lining from acid.
What role does bicarbonate play in GI defense?
Bicarbonate neutralizes hydrogen ions to prevent acid damage.
How do prostaglandins protect the GI?
They stimulate the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate.
What are the common GI invaders that cause ulcers?
H. pylori bacteria and NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen).
How does H. pylori cause ulcers?
It disrupts the mucosal barrier, increasing acid exposure.
What is the role of NSAIDs in causing ulcers?
They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing defenses and increasing ulcer risk.
How does gastric acid contribute to ulcers?
Excess acid damages the mucosa, leading to ulcers.
How does pepsin affect ulcers?
Pepsin can break down tissue and worsen ulceration.
How does smoking affect ulcer healing?
Smoking delays healing and increases the risk of recurrence.
How does stress impact ulcers?
Stress can exacerbate ulcers, making healing slower.
What is a duodenal ulcer?
It is an ulcer in the duodenum, often blocked by food, which reduces stomach acid exposure.
What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is chronic heartburn caused by acid reflux into the esophagus.
What causes GERD?
Weakening or relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter allows acid reflux.
How does GERD affect the esophagus?
Decreased salivary secretions and diminished motility contribute to acid reflux.
What are common GERD symptoms?
Heartburn, dysphagia, dyspepsia, chest pain, nausea, and belching.
What is the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in ulcers?
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or H2RAs combined with antibiotics.
What antibiotics are used to treat H. pylori?
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin or Metronidazole, or Levofloxacin.
What is the treatment regimen for ulcers with H. pylori?
PPI + 2-3 antibiotics (e.g., Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole).
How do antacids work for ulcer and GERD treatment?
Antacids neutralize stomach acid (e.g., MOM, calcium carbonate).
What are H2RAs?
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (e.g., cimetidine, famotidine) block acid production.
What are PPIs?
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole) block acid secretion in the stomach.
