anesthesia general info and iv anesthsia Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is general anesthesia?
Produces unconsciousness and lack of response to all painful stimuli.
What is local anesthesia?
Loss of sensation to a limited body area; no change in level of consciousness.
What is regional anesthesia?
Similar to local but covers a larger area, such as an entire limb.
What is monitored anesthesia care (MAC)?
Patient is responsive with unassisted respirations.
What is minimal sedation (anxiolysis)?
Patient responds to verbal commands.
What is moderate (conscious) sedation?
Patient responds to verbal or light tactile stimulation.
What is deep sedation/analgesia?
Patient responds to painful or repeated stimulation; airway/ventilation may need support.
What is balanced anesthesia?
Combination of meds: neuromuscular blockers, benzos, opioids, general/inhaled anesthetics.
Stage I: Analgesia
Lose sensation, possibly remain awake.
Stage II: Excitement
Hyperactivity, irregular pulse/respirations, ↑ BP.
Stage III: Surgical Anesthesia
Skeletal muscle relaxation, ideal for surgery.
Stage IV: Medullary Paralysis
Respiratory/circulatory failure, possible death.
What is the purpose of IV anesthetics?
Rapid progression through Stage I & II.
What drug classes are commonly used?
Benzodiazepines, opioids, miscellaneous agents (e.g., propofol, ketamine).
Diazepam [Valium]
IV induction; unconscious in 1 min, little muscle relaxation, moderate cardio/resp. depression.
Midazolam [Versed]
IV induction/conscious sedation; unconscious in 80 sec, amnesia, sedation, cardiorespiratory risk.
Lorazepam
Used in general anesthesia (less detail provided here).
Droperidol + Fentanyl
Produces neuroleptanalgesia (calm, indifferent, not fully unconscious). Used for short procedures.
Adverse effects for droperidol plus fentanyl
QT prolongation, hypotension, respiratory depression.
Propofol [Diprivan]
Most widely used IV anesthetic; rapid onset (60 sec), short duration (3–5 min), no analgesia. Used for sedation and procedures. Risk of respiratory depression, hypotension, bacterial infection. Abuse potential – instant sleep, euphoria.
Etomidate [Amidate]
Hypnotic for induction only; no analgesia. Effects last ~5 min. AEs: hypotension, oliguria, electrolyte imbalances, postop N/V.
Ketamine [Ketalar]
Dissociative anesthesia; sedation, analgesia, immobility, amnesia. Short duration (10–15 min), full recovery in hours. AEs: hallucinations, delirium—requires soothing environment. Also a drug of abuse (“Special K”).
