diarrhea, IBS, IBD Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is diarrhea a symptom of?
Diarrhea can be caused by infection, maldigestion, inflammation, or functional disorders.
What is the main goal in managing diarrhea?
Treat the cause, replace water and salts, relieve cramping, and reduce passage of unformed stool.
Which opioids are used as antidiarrheals?
Loperamide, Lomotil, and Opium Tincture (Paregoric) are used to slow intestinal transit.
What should be avoided when treating diarrhea caused by toxins or infection?
Never use antidiarrheals to treat diarrhea from poisoning or toxin-producing organisms.
What is IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)?
IBD is characterized by intestinal inflammation and an exaggerated immune response.
What are the main types of IBD?
Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main types of IBD.
What drugs are used to treat IBD?
5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA), glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, and antibiotics.
What is the role of 5-aminosalicylates in IBD treatment?
5-ASA drugs like sulfasalazine and mesalamine reduce inflammation, especially in mild to moderate UC.
What are common side effects of 5-aminosalicylates?
Nausea, fever, rash, arthralgia, hematologic disorders, and photosensitivity.
What drugs are immunosuppressants for IBD?
Azathioprine, mercaptopurine, and methotrexate are used for long-term therapy and remission maintenance.
What are immunomodulators (biologics) in IBD treatment?
Infliximab, adalimumab, and other monoclonal antibodies modulate the immune response in moderate to severe IBD.
What are side effects of immunomodulators in IBD?
Infusion reactions, infections (including TB), increased lymphoma risk, and opportunistic infections.
What is IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)?
IBS is a common GI disorder with cramping abdominal pain, often associated with diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or both (IBS-M).
Which drugs are used for IBS symptoms?
Antispasmodics, bulk-forming agents, antidiarrheals, and tricyclic antidepressants.
What is the use of ALOSETRON in IBS treatment?
ALOSETRON is used for severe IBS-D in females resistant to other treatments.
What are side effects of ALOSETRON?
Constipation and GI toxicity.
Who should not take ALOSETRON?
Contraindicated in patients with chronic constipation, a history of CD, UC, or bowel obstruction.
What is the use of LUBIPROSTONE in IBS treatment?
LUBIPROSTONE is used for IBS-C in females with chronic constipation.
What are side effects of LUBIPROSTONE?
Diarrhea.
Who should not take LUBIPROSTONE?
Contraindicated in patients with bowel obstruction.
