growth factor - thrombosis Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are two key hematopoietic growth factors?
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) and folic acid.
What type of anemia is treated with B12 and folic acid?
Pernicious (megaloblastic) anemia.
What are symptoms of pernicious anemia?
Beefy red tongue, pallor, neuropathy (CNS symptoms).
What is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the stomach?
Intrinsic factor.
What are the routes of administration for B12 if intrinsic factor is lacking?
Parenteral or intranasal.
What is the role of folic acid in the body?
Essential for DNA and RNA synthesis.
When is folic acid need increased?
During pregnancy (prevents neural tube defects).
What are common causes of folic acid deficiency?
Insufficient dietary intake, excessive alcohol use.
What are adverse effects of vitamin B12?
Hypokalemia, GI distress (N/V/D, dyspepsia, abdominal pain), paresthesias.
What can mask vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms?
Folic acid.
What labs should be monitored during vitamin B12 therapy?
CBC, vitamin B12 levels, folate.
What special instruction is given for intranasal B12 administration?
Administer 1 hour before hot foods.
What are adverse effects of folic acid?
Masks B12 deficiency symptoms, diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue, SOB, dizziness, pallor, headache, swollen tongue, mouth sores, memory/growth issues.
What populations especially need folic acid supplementation?
Pregnant women, individuals with excessive alcohol use.
What dietary advice is given for folic acid deficiency?
Increase intake of folic acid-rich foods.
What is hemostasis?
The process of stopping bleeding.
What is the first stage of hemostasis?
Formation of a platelet plug (aggregation).
What is the second stage of hemostasis?
Coagulation – production of fibrin.
What are the two pathways involved in coagulation?
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
What is the role of antithrombin?
Breaks down/prevents excessive clotting throughout the body.
What is the role of plasmin?
Breaks down clots after healing.
What is plasmin formed from?
Plasminogen.
What is arterial thrombosis caused by?
Adhesion of platelets, usually due to plaque buildup.
What effect does arterial thrombosis have?
Narrows vessels and restricts blood flow.
