antacids Flashcards
What do antacids do?
Antacids neutralize stomach acid to treat PUD and heartburn.
What are the types of antacids?
Magnesium Hydroxide (MOM), Aluminum Hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate (TUMS), Sodium Bicarbonate.
What is a disadvantage of Magnesium Hydroxide (MOM)?
Can cause diarrhea and hypermagnesemia.
What are the disadvantages of Aluminum Hydroxide?
Can cause constipation, hypophosphatemia, and bind to other drugs.
What is the disadvantage of Calcium Carbonate (TUMS)?
Can cause constipation, belching, flatulence, and hypercalcemia if taken too much.
What is a disadvantage of Sodium Bicarbonate?
Can cause fluid retention and alkalosis, rarely used for PUD or GERD.
What are nursing considerations for antacids?
Take at least 1 hour apart from other meds. Aluminum binds to warfarin, digoxin, tetracycline.
What are the side effects of H2RAs?
Constipation, diarrhea, nausea, CNS effects (more common in older adults), headache, dizziness, agitation.
What are the side effects of Cimetidine (H2RA)?
Decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, CNS effects (lethargy, confusion, hallucinations).
What are the nursing considerations for H2RAs?
Caution in older adults, moderate-severe kidney impairment, and high pneumonia risk (COPD).
What interactions occur with Cimetidine?
Increases levels of warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, lidocaine. Smoking decreases efficacy.
What are Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
Omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole.
What are common side effects of PPIs?
Pneumonia, osteoporosis, rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia, C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
What are nursing considerations for PPIs?
Take 30 minutes before meals. May decrease absorption of ketoconazole, itraconazole, and others.
What medications interact with PPIs?
Increase levels of digoxin, methotrexate, diazepam, tacrolimus, antifungals, phenytoin.
What is the mechanism of action for PPIs?
PPIs block acid production in the stomach, effectively stopping acid secretion.
How does Sucralfate work?
It forms a sticky gel in acidic environments that adheres to ulcers, lasting up to 6 hours.
What are the side effects of Sucralfate?
Constipation. It can block the absorption of medications like phenytoin, digoxin, and warfarin.
How should Sucralfate be taken?
Take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime, 4 times daily.
What is Misoprostol used for?
Prevents ulcers in patients on long-term NSAIDs.
What are the side effects of Misoprostol?
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, spotting.
What are nursing considerations for Misoprostol?
Category X (avoid in pregnancy), take with meals and at bedtime.
What are Bismuth Compounds used for?
GERD, H. pylori, PUD, heartburn, and diarrhea.
What are the side effects of Bismuth Compounds?
Can cause black discoloration of the tongue and stool.
