nonopioids Flashcards
What drug classes are included in nonopioid pain management?
NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and some centrally acting agents.
What are examples of NSAIDs?
Aspirin and ibuprofen.
Why are NSAIDs considered drugs of choice for mild/moderate pain?
They have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Where do NSAIDs act?
At peripheral sites, inhibiting pain mediators at the nociceptor level.
Do NSAIDs cause dependence?
No physical or psychological dependence.
What is the most prominent adverse effect of NSAIDs?
GI-related issues, including mucosal ulceration.
What type of pain is tramadol used for?
Moderate pain.
What is tramadol’s mechanism of action?
Binds to mu receptors (weak opioid agonist), inhibits transmission of pain signals.
What are the adverse effects of tramadol?
Seizures, respiratory depression.
What is the treatment for tramadol overdose?
Naloxone.
What is clonidine (Duraclon) used for in pain management?
Intrathecal adjunct for cancer pain.
What are clonidine’s adverse effects?
Severe hypotension, rebound hypertension, bradycardia.
What is ziconotide (Prialt) used for?
Severe chronic pain, administered intrathecally.
What are ziconotide’s adverse effects?
CNS effects, muscle injury.
What is dexmedetomidine (Precedex) used for?
ICU or procedural sedation, administered IV.
What are dexmedetomidine’s adverse effects?
Hypotension and bradycardia.
What are common descriptions of neuropathic pain?
Steady burning, electric shock-like, or “pins and needles” sensations.
What antidepressants are used to manage neuropathic pain?
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
What type of antiseizure medication is commonly used?
Gabapentin.
What other drug types are used for neuropathic pain?
Corticosteroids, local anesthetics, and muscle relaxants.
