Adrenergic Drugs

Question 1

uses of epinephrine

Answer 1

anaphylactic shock
asthmatic attacks
cardiac arrest
local anesthesia so drug persists at site before being absorbed and metabolized

Question 2

adverse effects of epi

Answer 2

CNS disturbances
hemorrhage
cardiac arrhythmias
pulmonary edema

Question 3

what does epi do in the presence of hyperthyroidism, cocaine, and beta blockers

Answer 3

• for hyperthyroidism and cocaine, it increases/enhances cardiovascular actions
• in those on beta blockers, since beta receptors are not available, all the epi goes to the alpha receptors causing an increase in peripheral resistance hence high BP

Question 4

effect of norepinephrine if given after pre treatment of atropine

Answer 4

causes tachycardia because atropine is a muscarinic antagonist so effects are enhanced

Question 5

uses of norepinephrine

Answer 5

blood pressure control in those that are hypotensive

cardiogenic and septic shock

Question 6

what is dopamine used for

Answer 6

severe congestive heart failure

cardiogenic and septic shock

Question 7

adverse effects of dopamine

Answer 7

nausea, hypertension, arrhythmias (like NE and E)

Question 8

D1 receptor agonist that is used for peripheral vasodilation used to tx severe hypertension in hospitals

Answer 8

fenoldopam

Question 9

what is isoproterenol used for and what receptor does it work on

Answer 9

non selective beta agonist

in emergencies to stimulate heart rate in patients with bradycardia or heart block

Question 10

CV, pulmonary, and other effects of isoproterenol

Answer 10

• CV - stimulates heart rate and contractility (beta 1), decrease peripheral resistance (beta 2)
• pulmonary - bronchodilation
• GI SM is relaxed, hyperglycemia, lipolysis

Question 11

what receptor does dobutamine work on

Answer 11

beta 1 agonist

Question 12

uses of dobutamine

Answer 12

• increase cardiac output in management of heart failure

- management of cardiogenic shock

Question 13

short acting beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator

Answer 13

terbutaline and albuterol

Question 14

long acting beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of asthma as a bronchodilator

Answer 14

salmeterol and formoterol

Question 15

adverse effects of beta 2 agonist drugs

Answer 15

tremor, restlessness, apprehension, anxiety

Question 16

receptor does phenylephrine works on and its uses

Answer 16

alpha 1 agonist

• nasal decongestant
• to increase BP in those that are hypotensive
• mydriasis

Question 17

receptor does clonidine work on

Answer 17

• partial alpha 2 agonist

- activates central alpha adrenoreceptors

Question 18

uses of clonidine

Answer 18

to reduce sympathetic outflow from CNS

Question 19

adverse effects of clonidine

Answer 19

lethargy, sedation, xerostomia

Question 20

what happens to methyldopa when taken up

Answer 20

it is converted to methylnorepinephrine by alpha 2 adrenoreceptors

Question 21

use of methyldopa

Answer 21

used for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy because it is safe for mother and the fetus

Question 22

adverse effects of methyldopa

Answer 22

sedation, mental lassitude, impaired mental concentration, dry mouth

Question 23

alpha 2 agonist that is administered ocularly to lower intraocular pressure in persons with glaucoma

Answer 23

brimonidine

Question 24

indirect acting adrenergic agonist that is a releasing agent aka it causes norepinephrine release from presynaptic terminals

Answer 24

amphetamine, methylphenidate, tyramine

Question 25

what is amphetamine used for

Answer 25

to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

Question 26

what is a structural analogue of amphetamine and is also used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

Answer 26

methylphenidate

Question 27

if a patient is taking MAO inhibitors, this drug can precipitate serious vasopressor episodes

Answer 27

tyramine

Question 28

what is cocaine used for

Answer 28

topical anesthesia of the upper respiratory tract

Question 29

what does cocaine do chemically

Answer 29

it blocks the reuptake of dopamine into neurons of the pleasure center hence producing euphoria

Question 30

treatments for ADHD

Answer 30

methylphenidate, amphetamine, atomoxetine

Question 31

chemically how does atomoxetine work

Answer 31

inhibitor of NET (norepinephrine reuptake transporter)

Question 32

treatments of narcolepsy

Answer 32

amphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil

Question 33

how does modafinil work

Answer 33

inhibitor of norepinephrine and dopamine transporters increases synaptic conc of NE, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate decrease GABA levels

Question 34

what is ephedrine used for

Answer 34

- pressor agent during spinal anesthesia when hypotension frequent - bronchial asthma - myasthenia gravis

Question 35

how does ephedrine work

Answer 35

it activates alpha and beta receptors and releases NE

Question 36

what drug does ephedrine have a synergistic effect with in the tx of myasthenia gravis

Answer 36

anticholinesterases like pyridostigmine and neostigmine

Question 37

what is pseudoephedrine

Answer 37

ephedrine enantiomers that is used as a component of nasal decongestant and is found in combination with H1 histamine antagonist