Adrenergic Drugs II

Question 1

non selective alpha adrenergic blocker

Answer 1

phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine,

Question 2

drugs used to treat pheochromocytoma

Answer 2

phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine

Question 3

what drug should be given alongside phenoxybenzamine

Answer 3

beta blocker since alpha blocker phenoxybenzamine can cause tachycardia but make sure not to give beta blocker until alpha blockade has been established so as not to have increased vasoconstriction due to unopposed beta blocker

Question 4

adverse effects of phenoxybenzamine

Answer 4

postural hypotension, nasal stuffiness, nausea, vomiting

inhibit ejaculation

Question 5

what does phentolamine block

Answer 5

alpha 1 and alpha 2 blocker

Question 6

type of patient is phentolamine contraindicated in

Answer 6

those with decreased coronary perfusion

Question 7

what is phentolamine used for

Answer 7

• pheochromocytoma (and for its diagnosis)
• prevention of dermal necrosis
• hypertensive crisis in general

Question 8

alpha 1 selective adrenergic blockers

Answer 8

prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin,

TT DP

Question 9

what is prasozin used to treat

Answer 9

hypertension because it causes relaxation of both arterial and venous SM

Question 10

what are terazosin and doxazosin used for

Answer 10

tx of hypertension and BPH

they have longer half life so require less frequent dosing

Question 11

what receptor is tamsulosin selective for and its importance

Answer 11

alpha 1A receptor antagonist

which is specific for genitourinary tract

Question 12

main use of tamsulosin

Answer 12

treatment of BPH (urinary retention) because of its specificity as an alpha 1A receptor blocker

not very helpful treating hypertension

Question 13

alpha 2 selective blocker

Answer 13

yohimbine

Question 14

what is yohimbine used for

Answer 14

to treat antihypertensive effects of alpha 2 agonist clonidine (was used to treat erectile dysfunction)

Question 15

non selective beta antagonist

Answer 15

propanolol, timolol, and nadolol

Question 16

propanolol, timolol, nadolol are contraindicated in what type of patients and why

Answer 16

those with COPD and asthma because of blockage of beta 2 which leads to contraction of bronchial SM hence leading to a respiratory crisis

also kind of diabetics especially after they take their insulin injection since their beta 2 receptor is blocked on the liver and skeletal muscle hence less glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (hence glucose level has to be watched)

Question 17

what is propanolol used to treat

Answer 17

hypertension, glaucoma, migraine, hyperthyroidism, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, performance anxiety (stage fright), essential tremor

Question 18

beta blocker are contraindicated in what type of heart problem

Answer 18

variant angina

Question 19

adverse effects of beta blockers

Answer 19

• bronchoconstriction
• affect recovery from hypoglycemia in insulin dependent diabetics
• mask tachycardia that is seen in hypoglycemia as a warning sign
• affect lipolysis
• CNS effects

Question 20

why shouldn’t beta blocker be stopped abruptly

Answer 20

to avoid tachycardia, hypertension, and ischemia

Question 21

what is nadolol used for

Answer 21

• long term management of angina pectoris

- hypertension

Question 22

what is tomolol used for

Answer 22

• hypertension
• prophylaxis for migraine
• open angle glaucoma

Question 23

beta one selective antagonist

Answer 23

atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol

MEA

Question 24

uses of atenolol and metoprolol

Answer 24

• hypertension
• angina pectoris long term
• acute MI

Question 25

use of esmolol

Answer 25

better since it is short acting hence safer - supraventricular arrhythmias - arrhythmias associated with thyrotoxicosis, periop hypertension, myocardial ischemia

Question 26

alpha 1 and beta blocker

Answer 26

labetalol and carvedilol

Question 27

what is labetalol used for

Answer 27

hypertension

Question 28

adverse effects of labetalol

Answer 28

orthostatic hypotension and dizziness | hepatic injury

Question 29

what is carvedilol used for

Answer 29

hypertension and CHF

Question 30

chemically how does pindolol work and what is its use

Answer 30

partial beta agonist | hypertension

Question 31

adrenergic drugs that act presynaptically

Answer 31

alpha methyltyrosine (metyrosine), reserpine, tetrabenazine

Question 32

chemically how does metyrosine work and what is its use

Answer 32

it inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase which turn tyr to dopa used as an adjuvant to phenoxybenzamine to treat pheochromocytoma

Question 33

how does reserpine work and what is it used for

Answer 33

irreversible inhibitor of VMAT leading to depletion of NE hypertension

Question 34

how does tetrabenazine work and what is it used for

Answer 34

reversible inhibitor of VMAT chorea associated with Huntington's