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Pharmacology > Botanicals > Flashcards

Botanicals Flashcards

1
Q

used to reduce symptoms of cold and time of recovery if used within 24 hours of onset

A

Echinacea juice

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2
Q

effects of echinacea juice

A

increases phagocytosis
activate NK cells
reduce IL-6/8
reduce cox –> anti inflamm properties

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3
Q

AE of echinacea juice

A

unpleasant taste
GI symptoms
headache
dizziness

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4
Q

what is Ephedra used for (Ma Huang)

A

CNS stimulant
Asthma
Bronchitis

Athletic Performance enhancer
Weight loss

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5
Q

what does ephedra contain and its effect

A

pseudoephedrine and ephedrine

indirectly acting sympathomimetics –> release NE from nerve ending

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6
Q

AE of Ephedra

A 
Insomnia
Dizziness
Anorexia
Tachycardia
Flushing
Urinary retention
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7
Q

contraindication of Ephedra

A 
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Hyperthyroidism
CHF
Hypertension
Bulimia
Glaucoma
Pregnancy
DM
Anxiety states
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8
Q

main component in Garlic (allium sativum)

A

thiosulfinate –> forms into allicin from allium by stomach acid

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9
Q

effect of Garlic (allium sativum)

A

allicin –> decreases of hepatic HMG Co-A

Platelet aggregation reduction
NO increase
Fibrinolytic
Antimicrobial
Carcinogenic activation reduction
Cholesterol reduction
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10
Q

AE of garlic (allium sativum)

A

Hypotension
Allergic Reaction
Nausea

body odor, contact dermatitis, breath

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11
Q

what is Ginkgo used for

A

cognitive impairment/dementia
cerebral insufficiency
intermittent claudication

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12
Q

mechanism of Ginkgo

A

antioxidant and free radical scavenge –> decreased oxidative stress

increases NO formation –> decreased blood viscosity –> increased vasodilation –> increase in muscarinic and decrease in b-adrenoreceptors

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13
Q

AE and contraindication of Ginkgo

A

AE - epileptogenic

CI - epilepsy

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14
Q

what is Ginseng used for and mechanism

A

improves mental and physical performance ==> increase ACh, NE, 5-HT and DA

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15
Q

AE of Ginseng

A

Estrogenic effects

Mastalgia (breast pain)
Vaginal bleeding

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16
Q

use of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

A

cytoprotective agent against hepatic injury (ex: amanita mushroom, acetaminophen, alcohol)

17
Q

mechanism of milk thistle (silybum marianum)

A

increases hepatic RNA polymerase activity

18
Q

Use of St. John’s Worts (Hypericum Perforatum)

A

mild to moderate depression

19
Q

mechanism of St John’s Worts

A

Hyperforin decreases serotonergic reuptake (similar to SSRIs and TCAs)

20
Q

drug interactions of St. John’s Worts

A

CYP inducer –> reduces effectiveness of OCs, Cyclosporin, protease inhibitors, and warfarin

21
Q

AE of St. John’s Worts

A

GI disturbances

Photosensitivity

22
Q

used in the treatment of BPH

A

Saw Palmetto

23
Q

mechanism of Saw Palmetto

A

reduces 5 alpha reductase activity

antagonist effects at androgenic receptors

24
Q

used to treat Parkinson’s

A

Coenzymes Q10 aka Ubiquinone

25
Q

what else is Coenzyme Q10 used to treat

A

CHF
MI
CAD

26
Q

used for the treatment of Osteoarthritis

A

Glycosaminoglycans

27
Q

AE of glycosaminoglycans

A

increased INR in patients with warfarin –> bruising and GIT bleeding risks

28
Q

helps jet lag

alternative drug for insomnia

A

Melatonin

29
Q

AE of melatonin

A

sedation
following day drowsiness
chronic use –> decreased sperm quality

30
Q

contraindication of melatonin

A

pregnancy

lactation

31
Q

used for treatment of symptoms associated with menopause and premenstrual tension

A

Black Cohosh (Actaea Racemosa)

32
Q

mechanism of Black Cohosh

A

binds and activates serotonin receptors

33
Q

AE of black cohosh

A

dizziness
headaches
seizures

34
Q

used for short term social anxiety

A

Kava

35
Q

AE of Kava

A

Malnutrition –> weight loss

LIVER and renal damage

Pharmacology (79 decks)

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