Ageing

Question 1

When does aging start?

Answer 1

In the late or middle 20’s

Question 2

When does ageing become noticeable?

Answer 2

By the 40’s

Question 3

What deteriorates by 60 (physical changes)?

Answer 3

Bones, joints, teeth, muscles, skin and hair

Question 4

Signs of the ageing body: head/face

Answer 4

Hair lost or greying, eyesight impaired, facial bones atrophied, hearing affected, teeth lost and gums receeding

Question 5

Signs of the ageing body: main body

Answer 5

Skin wrinkled, posture stooped, muscles atrophied, fat deposits visible, sexual interest/capacity reduced, joints stiff/weak, walking and standing unsteady

Question 6

Internal changes slowly affecting the ageing body:

Answer 6

Brain shrinking, reduced lung capacity, narrowing arteries, impairing temperature control, and slower recovery from illness and injury

Question 7

Changes to major body systems: brain

Answer 7

Nerve cells are lost from the brain and spinal cord from about age 25 onward

Question 8

Changes to major body systems: calcium

Answer 8

Calcium deposits may narrow arteries and indirectly reduce lung capacity

Question 9

Changes to major body systems: arteries

Answer 9

Hardened, narrowed arteries may increase the speed and pressure of blood flow

Question 10

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 10

Hardened, narrowed arteries

Question 11

Changes to major body systems: fatty deposits

Answer 11

Fatty deposits on arterial linings combined with arteriosclerosis cause the condition atherosclerosis

Question 12

Atheroma

Answer 12

Fatty deposits on arterial linings

Question 13

Changes to major body systems: the effects of calcium deposits and artery disorders

Answer 13

By reducing blood and oxygen supply, these disorders help cause tissue decay, notably in the brain and heart

Question 14

Changes to major body systems: heart, liver, kidneys

Answer 14

Heart, liver, kidneys, and other internal organs shrink and lose efficiency, hence and old person’s reduced BMR

Question 15

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

Answer 15

The body’s energy output at the lowest walking level

Question 16

Changes to major body systems: spine

Answer 16

Deteriorating intervertebral discs slightly shorten the spine

Question 17

Changes to major body systems: hormones

Answer 17

In women, hormonal changes of the menopause end ability to produce children

Question 18

Changes to major body systems: muscles and joints

Answer 18

Muscles lose strength, size and shape, and worn joints may impair movement

Question 19

Between what ages do men and women put on weight?

Answer 19

25 and 45-50

Question 20

What is weight gain between ages 25 and 45-50 comprised of?

Answer 20

Most weight gain is fat, though it is sometimes cancelled out by muscle wastage and lightening of bones

Question 21

Beyond 45-50, weight frequently declines; most of this weight loss is in what?

Answer 21

Lean tissue

Question 22

Most physical performance reach their peak when:

Answer 22

In your mid -20’s (and then decline as you age)

Question 23

Ageing: heat lung output

Answer 23

e.g., Old men reach peak cardiac output when doing less work than younger men. In old men, increasing effort reduces stroke volume

Question 24

Stroke volume:

Answer 24

The amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle

Question 25

When does the decline in muscle strength occur?

Answer 25

After a peak in the late 20's

Question 26

Strength of arms and shoulders reaches a peak between the ages:

Answer 26

30 and 40

Question 27

When does the strength of arms and shoulders stay high until?

Answer 27

Until 60

Question 28

When does the strength of arms and shoulders decline steeply?

Answer 28

After age 65

Question 29

What happens to bones as we age?

Answer 29

They lose material and fractures grow more likely

Question 30

When does bone loss increase sharply?

Answer 30

By the 60's

Question 31

Who tends to suffer more bone loss: men or women?

Answer 31

Women

Question 32

When does the likelihood of fractures increase?

Answer 32

By the mid -60's (women get more breakages than men)

Question 33

Why is posture important as you age?

Answer 33

Preventing injury to ageing muscles, bones and joints