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anatomy Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

bones of the head, trunk, vertebral column, and thorax

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

bones of the upper limbs and lower limbs including the shoulder and pelvic girdles

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

a strong connective tissue containing specialized cells and a mineralized matrix of crystalline calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

A

osseous tissue/bone tissue

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4
Q

bone cells responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

what is bone production called

A

osteogenesis

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6
Q

the breakdown of the mineral matrix of bone

A

Osteolysis

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7
Q

what is another name for the pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle

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8
Q

what does the pectoral girdle consist of

A

one each side:
1 clavicle
1 scapula

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9
Q

what does the upper limb consist of

A

on each side:
1 humerus
1 ulna
1 radius
8 carpal
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges

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10
Q

what is the name of the triangular bone lying on the posterior surface of the thorax

A

scapula

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11
Q

what does the clavicle do?

A

connects the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton + transfers some of the weight from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

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12
Q

what is another name for the collarbone

A

the clavicle

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13
Q

what is another name for the scapula?

A

the shoulder blade

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14
Q

lower limb articulates with the axial skeleton through what

A

the pelvic girdle

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15
Q

acromial end of clavicle articulates with the

A

acromion of the scapula

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16
Q

another name for the thumb is

A

pollex

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17
Q

the hip bone is made of which three bones?

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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18
Q

immovable joints are called

A

synarthrosis

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19
Q

slightly movable joints are called

A

amphiarthrosis

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20
Q

freely movable joints are called

A

diarthrosis

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21
Q

joints found only in the skull

A

sutures

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22
Q

fibrous joint between teeth and jaw bones

A

gomphosis

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23
Q

moving away from the body

A

abduction

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24
Q

moving toward the body

A

adduction

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25
decreases the angle between the bones at a joint
flexion
26
increases the angle between the bones at a joint
extension
27
extending beyond the normal limits
hyperextension
28
study of structures and features that can be seen with the naked eye
gross anatomy
29
microscopic study of tissues
histology
30
what is the front facing position, you can see the persons face
anterior view
31
what is the back facing position, you can see the persons bum
posterior view
32
what is the position in which the person is laying face down
prone
33
what is the position in which the person is laying face up, they are laying on their back
supine
34
away from the midline
lateral
35
toward the midline
medial
36
toward a base
proximal
37
away from the base
distal
38
at or close to body surface
superficial
39
further from surface, toward interior
deep
40
toward the head
cranial (cephalic)
41
toward the tail
caudal
42
the back, behind
posterior (dorsal for animals)
43
the front, before
anterior (ventral for animals)
44
which plane/section separates anterior and posterior portions of the body
frontal or coronal plane (coronal-passing through the skull)
45
which plane/section separates right and left positions
sagittal plane
46
a ________ section passes through the midline, dividing the body in half and separating right and left sides
midsagittal
47
a __________ section misses the midline, separating right and left portions of unequal size
parasagittal
48
what section is at right angles to the frontal and sagittal planes, sections typically pass through head and trunk regions
transverse, horizontal, or cross-sectional plane
49
what are the two body cavities
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
50
name the parts of the thoracic cavity
1. left pleural cavity: surrounds left lung 2. right pleural cavity: surrounds right lung 3. mediastinum: contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels + pericardial cavity: surrounds heart
51
name the parts of the abdominopelvic cavity
1. abdominal cavity: contains many digestive glands and organs 2. pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract
52
name the parts of the right upper and right lower quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity
RUQ: - right lobe of liver - right kidney - gallbladder - portions of stomach - small and large intestine RLQ: - cecum - appendix - portions of small intestine - reproductive organs - right ureter
53
name the parts of the left upper and left lower quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity
LUQ: - left kidney - left lobe of liver - stomach - spleen - pancreas - portions of large intestine LLQ: - most of small intestine - portions of large intestine - left ureter - reproductive organs
54
lumbar regions means
lower back
55
cephalic region means
head
56
cervical region means
neck
57
brachial region means
upper arm, above elbow
58
antebrachial means
forearm, below elbow
59
carpal region indicates
wrist
60
manual region indicates
hand
61
plantar region indicates
sole region of foot, bottom of foot
62
pedal region indicates
foot
63
tarsal region indicates
ankle
64
sural region indicates
calf
65
crural region indicates
leg, from knee to ankle
66
patellar region indicates
kneecap
67
gluteal region indicates
buttock
68
inguinal region indicates
groin (crease between thigh and trunk)
69
pelvic region indicates
pelvis (in general)
70
pubic region indicates
anterior pelvis
71
what are the 4 kinds of tissues
1. epithelial tissue 2. connective tissue 3. muscle tissue 4. nervous tissue
72
what kind of tissue: conducts electrical impulses and carries information
nervous tissue
73
what kind of tissue contracts to produce movement
muscle tissue
74
what kind of tissue fills internal space, provides structural support and stores energy
connective tissue
75
what kind of tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers and produces glandular secretions
epithelial tissue
76
in epithelial tissue/cells they are an exposed ______ surface and an attached _______ surface
apical, basal
77
_______ cells are bound close together, no intercellular space
epithelial
78
what is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue
simple: only one layer stratified: many layers on top of other layers
79
what is the defining characteristic of connective tissue
most cells are not in contact with each other
80
connective tissue examples
blood, lymph, bone, cartilage
81
what are the three types of muscle tissue
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
82
what is the defining characteristic of muscle tissue
ability to contract and relax
83
the cytoplasm of muscle cells is called what
sarcoplasm
84
cells that are long, cylindrical, striated, and multinucleated
skeletal muscle tissue (bigger than cardiac muscle)
85
cells are short, branched, and striated, usually with a single nucleus; cells are interconnected by intercalated discs
cardiac muscle tissue
86
short, small, spindle-shaped, with a central nucleus, they do not branch, and there are no striations
smooth muscle tissue
87
what is the integumentary system
the body's outer layer, skin, hair, nails
88
what is another name for the skin
cutaneous membrane
89
the dermis is under or over the epidermine
under
90
a dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds a skeletal muscle, and is continuous with the tendons/aponeruoses of the muscle and with the perimysium
epimysium
91
connective tissue partition that separates adjacent fasciculi in a skeletal muscle
perimysium
92
a delicate network of connective tissue fibers that surrounds individual muscle cells
endomysium
93
cells that are the precursors to skeletal muscle cells (fibers)
myosatellite cells
94
a collagenous band that connects a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton (MUSCLE TO BONE)
tendon
95
what connects bone to bone
ligaments
96
broad tendinous sheet(s) that may serve as the origin(s) or insertion(s) of a skeletal muscle
aponeurosis/aponeuroses
97
a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell
NMJ neuromuscular junction
98
the plasma membrane of a muscle cell
sarcolemma
99
the cytoplasm of a muscle cell
sarcoplasm
100
early muscle cells that differentiate into muscle fibers
myoblasts
101

Psychology (45 decks)

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