module 3 b34

Question 1

Behavioural, biochemical, and physiological responses that ensure body temperature (TB) is within an acceptable limit

Answer 1

thermal strategy

Question 2

Temperature of the animal’s surroundings

Answer 2

Ambient temperature: TA

Most important environmental influence on animal’s thermal strategy

Question 3

Body temperature is allowed to vary with ambient temperature

Answer 3

tolerance

Question 4

Body temperature does not vary with ambient temperature

Answer 4

regulation (us humans exhibit this)

Question 5

what are the two thermal strategies

Answer 5

regulation and tolerance

Question 6

physical contact between something that is warm and something that is cold

Answer 6

conduction

Question 7

movement of fluid around us

Answer 7

convection

Question 8

transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external medium that is moving

Answer 8

Convection

Question 9

emission of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 9

Radiation

Question 10

rate of heat transfer (from hotter to colder)

Answer 10

heat flux (Q)

Question 11

what is the units for heat flux (rate of heat flow)

Answer 11

Watts

Question 12

Layer of material that reduces thermal exchange

Answer 12

insulation

Question 13

Internal insulation (under the skin)

Answer 13

blubber

Question 14

external insulation

Answer 14

hair, feathers, air, water

Question 15

Large animals exchange heat more (SLOWLY OR FASTLY) than small animals

Answer 15

SLOWLY

Question 16

Animals living in cold environments tend to be larger

Answer 16

Bergmann’s Rule:

Question 17

Animals in colder climates have smaller extremities (outer parts)

Answer 17

allen’s rule

• not necessarily true
• animals living in smaller extremities still have big ears for example

Question 18

variable body temperature

Answer 18

poikilotherm

Question 19

stable body temperature

Answer 19

homeotherm

Question 20

produce heat internally, animal generates internal heat to maintain body temperature

Answer 20

endotherm

Question 21

heat comes from external sources, environment determines body temperature

Answer 21

ectotherms

Question 22

hypermetabolic phase accompanied by a decrease in body temperature
- ex hiberation, torpot

Answer 22

Temporal endothermy

Question 23

optimal range for physiological processes; metabolic rate is minimal

Answer 23

Thermoneutral zone

Question 24

Metabolic rate increases to increase heat production

Answer 24

lower critical temp (LCT)

Question 25

Metabolic rate increases as animal induces a physiological response to prevent overheating

Answer 25

upper critical temperature (UCT)

Question 26

maximum range of temperatures in which individuals can survive

Answer 26

Survival zone

Question 27

Refers to the range of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity) in which an organism can survive.

Answer 27

tolerance zone

Question 28

Prescriptive Zone: Refers to the specific range of environmental conditions that are actively selected by organisms when they have the ability to move or choose. It reflects the preferred or ideal conditions for an organism’s survival and functioning.

Answer 28

Prescriptive Zone:

Question 29

Ambient temperature at which 50% of animals die

Answer 29

incipient lethal temperature

Question 30

can tolerate a wide range of ambient temperatures

Answer 30

Eurytherm - us humans

Question 31

can tolerate only a narrow range of ambient temperatures

Answer 31

Sternotherm

Question 32

Body temperature varies in regions of the body

Answer 32

regional heterotherms

Question 33

Maintain membrane fluidity at different temperature by changing membrane lipids. cholesterol content

Answer 33

homeoviscous adaptation remodeling of the membrane

Question 34

animals that thrive at low temperatures

Answer 34

Psychrotrophs

Question 35

behavioural and physiological mechanism to prevent ice crystal formation

Answer 35

Freeze-avoidance

Question 36

animals can allow their tissues to freeze in a controlled, safer way

Answer 36

Freeze-tolerance

Question 37

Proteins or glycoproteins that depress the freezing point by non colligative actions Disrupt ice crystal formation by binding to small ice crystal and prevent growth

Answer 37

anti freeze molecules

Question 38

the internal thermostat in mammals is located where

Answer 38

hypothalamus

Question 39

the internal thermostat in birds is located where

Answer 39

spinal cord

Question 40

Shivering thermogenesis is unique to

Answer 40

birds and mammals only

Question 41

uncoordinated myofiber contraction that results in no coordinated net muscle work

Answer 41

Shivering thermogenesis:

Question 42

is a physiological state of decreased metabolic activity in animals, characterized by reduced body temperature, heart rate, respiration, and energy expenditure. It is a survival strategy that allows animals to conserve energy during periods of extreme environmental conditions, such as cold temperatures or food scarcity.

Answer 42

torpor