module 2 b34

Question 1

is the scaling of metabolic rate linear or non linear

Answer 1

non linear

Question 2

the capacity to do work

Answer 2

energy (units in Joule)

Question 3

the transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is displaced

Answer 3

work (units in Joule)

work = force x distance

mechanical work (using our muscles when our heart beats)

Question 4

the rate at which work is done

Answer 4

power

unit: Watt

W=J/s

Question 5

the set of processes by which cells and organisms acquire, rearrange and void commodities (ex. Elements or energy) in ways that sustain life

Answer 5

metabolism

Question 6

an animal’s rate of energy consumption; the rate at which it converts chemical-bond energy to heat and work

A measure of power

Answer 6

metabolic rate

Question 7

what are the two ways in which cells store energy

Answer 7

reducing energy and high energy bonds

Question 8

energy can be stored in what kind of bonds

Answer 8

covalent

Question 9

what is the most common high energy molecule

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

what are some characteristics of carbohydrates

Answer 10

• hydrates of carbon
• many hydroxyl (-OH) groups
• Important as a biosynthesis precursor to any other carbohydrates

Question 11

what is the main carbohydrate storage form in animals

Answer 11

glycogen

Question 12

glycogen synthesis

Answer 12

glycogenesis

Question 13

glycogen breakdown

Answer 13

glycogenolysis

Question 14

does glycolysis require oxygen

Answer 14

no

Question 15

There are steps in glycolysis where energy is inputted, which is referred to as

Answer 15

energonic

Question 16

all lipids are

Answer 16

hydrophic (meaning they do not dissolve in water)

Question 17

lipids with LINEAR carbon backbones are called

Answer 17

aliphatic

ex. fatty acids

triglycerides

phospholipids

Question 18

lipids with RING carbon backbones are called

Answer 18

aromatic

ex. steroids

Question 19

what are lipids used for

Answer 19

energy metabolism, cell structure (cell membranes) and signaling

Question 20

Chain of carbon atoms ending with a carboxyl group

Answer 20

fatty acids

Question 21

saturated or unsaturated:

fatty acids with no double bonds between carbons

Answer 21

saturated

Question 22

saturated or unsaturated:

one or more double bonds between carbons

Answer 22

unsaturated

Question 23

what is a more dense form of energy storage than carbohydrates and why

Answer 23

fatty acids

water associates with carbs and not with oils/fats because hydrophobic nature or fatty acids

Question 24

process in which we breakdown fatty acids

Answer 24

beta oxidation

• happens in mitochondria
• results in formation of acetyl coA
• acetyl coA is then oxidized (in the citric acid cycle)

Question 25

Caused by low oxygen levels in the blood

Answer 25

hypoxia

Question 26

refers to a total absence of oxygen in the tissues

Answer 26

anoxia

Question 27

Increasing lipolysis ________ glycolysis and vice versa

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

measuring metabolic rate actually measures what

Answer 28

metabolic rate

Question 29

= rate of CO2 production/O2 consumption

Answer 29

Respiratory quotient (RQ)

Question 30

when is there a high ATP turnover rate

Answer 30

exercise

Question 31

when is there a low ATP turnover rate

Answer 31

rest

Question 32

used in glucogenesis in liver (glucose returned to tissues to rebuild glucose)

Answer 32

cori cycle for lactate The Cori cycle is a metabolic pathway that links the muscles and the liver in a process to recycle lactate and glucose during intense exercise or anaerobic metabolism. It allows the body to manage lactate accumulation and maintain energy supply when oxygen levels are insufficient for aerobic respiration.

Question 33

metabolic rate of homeothermic animal at rest (not sleeping), post-absorptive (not digesting food), at a temperature within thermal neutral zone

Answer 33

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 34

same as BMR, expect for poikilothermic animal, at a defined environmental temperature

Answer 34

standard metabolic rate (SMR)

Question 35

metabolic rate of animal at rest under defined conditions Not necessarily during quiescent phase (doing nothing), or totally post absorptive, or within thermal neutral zone

Answer 35

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) - Higher than BMR

Question 36

the actual, realized metabolic rate of an animal behaving naturally in the wild

Answer 36

field metabolic rate

Question 37

Total energetic cost of a day of life

Answer 37

daily energy expenditure