b50 midterm 2 Flashcards
(128 cards)
a non-trophic interaction between individuals, in which each is negatively affected by their shared use of a resource that limits their growth, survival, and/or reproduction
competition
competition between individuals of the same species
intraspecific competition
competition between members of different species
interspecific competition
occurs when one species directly interferes with its competitor’s ability to access a limited resource
interference competition
occurs when one species reduces the availability of a limiting resource to another species, simply by using it (indirect competition)
exploitation competition/resource competition
the study of ecological interactions between individuals of two or more species
Community ecology
interactions among multiple species
community ecology
what are the two types of interspecific competition
resource/exploitative and interference competition
competition between two species for a shared resource; by consuming or exploiting that resource, individuals of each species make it less available for individuals of other species
resource/exploitative competition
the full range of conditions (biotic and abiotic) and resources within which individuals of a species can survive and reproduce
fundamental niche
in the context of interspecific competition, the niche space that individuals of a species can access in the presence of their competitors
realized niche
an alteration in the way individuals of a species use resources in the presence of a competitor species
niche shift
the splitting of limited resources among individuals of two competing species
resource partitioning
the situation where no more individuals of a population or species are present in a location or on Earth; a possible long-term outcome of competition or predation
Extinction
the idea that past competition between two or more species may have altered resource use and interaction sufficiently that the species no longer compete; the only lingering signs of their previous competition are non-overlapping but similar resource use
Ghost of competition past
the restriction or removal of individuals of one species from a location by another species; a possible long-term outcome of competition or predation
Exclusion
a change in gene frequency in a population in which two coevolved species respond to each other’s adaptations over time
Evolution
the coexistence of individuals of two species in the same spatial location
sympatry
the spatially disjunct existence of two or more groups- that is, the existence of groups in separate and unconnected locations
allopatry
interspecific competition requires what
a limited resource
the study of multispecies interactions
community ecology
where are there more predator-prey relationships?
in the arctic because there is less biodiversity
a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically. species
keystone species
most food chains are how many trophics high
4-5 (textbook says 6 but prof says its rare)