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Year 2 Medicine > Anatomy of the Leg and Foot > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Leg and Foot Flashcards

(112 cards)

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1
Q

Function of the Foot

  • 3 functions - what are they?
A
  • Stability/standing (support body weight)
  • Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
  • Shock absorption
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2
Q

Function of the Foot

  • Stability/standing (support … …)
  • …/propulsion (acts as …)
  • … absorption
A
  • Stability/standing (support body weight)
  • Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
  • Shock absorption
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3
Q

Bones of the leg

A
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4
Q

Bones of the leg

A
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5
Q

Bones of the leg

A
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6
Q

Bones of the foot

A
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7
Q

Bones of the foot

A
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8
Q

Bones of the foot

  • Label the tarsal bones of the foot.
A
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9
Q

Supination of foot vs Pronation of foot

  • Supination (feet … – …/… of front of foot)
  • Pronation (feet … – …/… of front of foot)
    • When standing on irregular surfaces
A
  • Supination (feet together – inversion/adduction of front of foot)
  • Pronation (feet apart – eversion/abduction of front of foot)
    • When standing on irregular surfaces
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10
Q

If you stand with your feet parallel and face forward, and rotate your body and look over your left shoulder - your … foot would be supinated and your … foot would be pronated

A

If you stand with your feet parallel and face forward, and rotate your body and look over your left shoulder - your left foot would be supinated and your right foot would be pronated

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11
Q

Joints of the foot

A
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12
Q

Joints of the foot

A
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13
Q

Joints of the foot

  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. … - inversion/eversion and … tarsal - supination and pronation)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
A
  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and Transverse tarsal - supination and pronation)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
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14
Q

Joints of the foot

  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and transverse tarsal - … and …)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited …/…)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
A
  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and Transverse tarsal - supination and pronation)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
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15
Q

Ankle Joint is the articulation between the … and …/…

A

Ankle Joint is the articulation between the talus and tibia/fibula

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16
Q

The ankle joint is what type of joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

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17
Q

The ankle joint allows what movements?

A

dorsiflexion (extension of foot - lift up) and plantarflexion (flexion of foot - downwards)

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18
Q

Label the diagram

A
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19
Q

The ankle joint is stabilised by what ligaments?

A
  • Collateral ligaments
    • Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (3 parts total)
    • Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (3 parts total)
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20
Q

Ankle joint - collateral ligaments

  • Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (… parts total)
  • Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (… parts total)
A
  • Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (3 parts total)
  • Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (3 parts total)
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21
Q

Ankle joint ligaments

A
  • There are two main sets of ligaments, which originate from each malleolus.
    • Medial Ligament
      • The medial ligament (or deltoid ligament) is attached to the medial malleolus - 3 parts (to talus/calcaneus)
    • Lateral Ligament
      • The lateral ligament originates from the lateral malleolus - 3 parts (to talus/calcaneus/navicular)
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22
Q

Clinical: Injury to ,,, ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament)

A

Clinical: Injury to lateral ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament) - red line on RHS

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23
Q

Subtalar joint

  • Between … and calcaneus
  • Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
A
  • Between talus and calcaneus
  • Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
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24
Q

The subtalar joint is responsible for what movements of the foot?

A

Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion

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25
_Subtalar joint_ * Between talus and ... * Allows inversion/eversion during ...
* Between talus and **calcaneus** * Allows inversion/eversion during **locomotion**
26
_Transverse tarsal joint_ * Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination * Important for standing on ... ... * Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates foot into ... and ...)
* Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination * Important for standing on **uneven ground** * Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into **hindfoot** and **forefoot**)
27
_Transverse tarsal joint_ * Allows eversion/inversion and .../... * Important for standing on uneven ground * Articulation between ... and navicular and also the ... and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
* Allows eversion/inversion and **pronation/supination** * Important for standing on uneven ground * Articulation between **talus** and navicular and also the **calcaneus** and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
28
The transverse tarsal joint allows what movements of the foot?
**eversion/inversion and pronation/supination**
29
What joint is important for standing on uneven ground?
Transverse tarsal joint (allows pronation and supination)
30
_Arches of the foot_ * The foot has three arches: two ... (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior ... arch * Function: * Shock absorbers during ... * Act as springboards (...) * Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot) * During standing – Arches flatten
* The foot has three arches: two **longitudinal** (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior **transverse** arch * Function: * Shock absorbers during **locomotion** * Act as springboards (**propulsion**) * Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot) * During standing – Arches flatten
31
_Arches of the foot_ * The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (... and ...) arches and one anterior transverse arch * Function: * ... absorbers during locomotion * Act as springboards (propulsion) * Distribution of weight (to ... + ... of foot) * During standing – Arches ...
* The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (**medial** and **lateral**) arches and one anterior transverse arch * Function: * **Shock** absorbers during locomotion * Act as springboards (propulsion) * Distribution of weight (to **calcaneus** + **ball** of foot) * During standing – Arches **flatten**
32
_Longitudinal arches_
33
Which longitudinal arch of the foot is less defined?
lateral longitudinal arch
34
The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic ... muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar ...
The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic **plantar** muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar **aponeurosis**
35
The ... arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
The **longitudinal** arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
36
* Clinical: Fallen ... ... arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet) * Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
* Clinical: Fallen **medial longitudinal** arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet) * Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
37
Clinical: Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to what?
**pes planus (flat feet) - Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children**
38
_Transverse arch_ * Supported by long tendons (such ... longus and ... posterior)
* Supported by long tendons (such **fibularis** longus and **tibialis** posterior)
39
What is the red curve showing?
transverse arch of foot
40
Plantar aponeurosis is the ... of ... fascia
Plantar aponeurosis is the **thickening** of **deep** fascia
41
_Plantar aponeurosis_ * Thickening of deep ... * ... underlying structures * Supports ... arch
* Thickening of deep **fascia** * **Protects** underlying structures * Supports **longitudinal** arch
42
The plantar aponeurosis supports the ... arch
The plantar aponeurosis supports the **longitudinal** arch
43
Clinical: Plantar ... (inflammation of plantar aponeurosis due to overuse; common in ...)
Clinical: Plantar **fasciitis** (inflammation of plantar aponeurosis due to overuse; common in **runners**)
44
_Muscle compartments of the leg_ * 3 compartments - these are: * Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by ... ... nerve * Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by ... nerve * Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
* 3 compartments - these are: * Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by **deep fibular** nerve * Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by **tibial** nerve * Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
45
_Muscle compartments of the leg_ * 3 compartments - these are: * Anterior - .../... foot - supplied by deep fibular nerve * Posterior - .../... foot - supplied by tibial nerve * Lateral - ... foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
* 3 compartments - these are: * Anterior - **extend/invert** foot - supplied by deep fibular nerve * Posterior - **flex/invert** foot - supplied by tibial nerve * Lateral - **evert** foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
46
_Anterior compartment of leg_ * Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot * Supplied by Deep fibular nerve * 3 muscles - origin from either the ... or ... * Tibialis anterior (extends/inverts foot) * Extensor digitorum longus (extends lateral 4 toes) * Extensor hallucis longus (extends great toe) * Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor retinaculum
* Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot * Supplied by Deep fibular nerve * 3 muscles - origin from either the **tibia** or **fibula** * Tibialis anterior (extends/inverts foot) * Extensor digitorum longus (extends lateral 4 toes) * Extensor hallucis longus (extends great toe) * Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor retinaculum
47
_Anterior compartment of leg_ * Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot * Supplied by Deep fibular nerve * 3 muscles - origin from either the tibia or fibula * ... anterior (extends/inverts foot) * Extensor ... longus (extends lateral 4 toes) * Extensor ... longus (extends great toe) * Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor ...
* Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot * Supplied by Deep fibular nerve * 3 muscles - origin from either the tibia or fibula * **Tibialis** anterior (extends/inverts foot) * Extensor **digitorum** longus (extends lateral 4 toes) * Extensor **hallucis** longus (extends great toe) * Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor **retinaculum**
48
_Anterior compartment of leg_
49
Extensor hallucis longus extends what?
great toe
50
Extensor digitorum longus extends what?
lateral 4 toes
51
_Anterior compartment of leg - passing into foot_
52
Extensor digitorum longus inserts into the ... and ... phalanges
**Extensor digitorum longus inserts into the middle and distal phalanges**
53
Tibialis anterior inserts into medial ... + 1st ...
Tibialis anterior inserts into medial **cuneiform** + 1st **metatarsal**
54
Extensor hallucis longus inserts into what?
**distal phalanx of great toe**
55
_Posterior compartment of leg - Superficial group_ * ... (...) foot and leg
* **Flex (plantarflex)** foot and leg
56
_Posterior compartment of leg - Superficial group_ * ... (...) foot and leg
* **Flex (plantarflex)** foot and leg
57
* The posterior compartment of the leg contains seven muscles, organised into two layers – ... and ... The two layers are separated by a band of fascia. * The posterior leg is the largest of the three compartments. Collectively, the muscles in this area ... and ... the foot. They are innervated by the ... nerve, a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve.
* The posterior compartment of the leg contains seven muscles, organised into two layers – **superficial** and **deep**. The two layers are separated by a band of fascia. * The posterior leg is the largest of the three compartments. Collectively, the muscles in this area **plantarflex** and **invert** the foot. They are innervated by the **tibial** nerve, a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve.
58
_Gastrocnemius muscle_ * Origin: ... of femur * ... leg and foot * Half way down - gives rise to ... (Achilles tendon) * Inserts into calcaneal tuberosity
* Origin: **Condyles** of femur * **Flexes** leg and foot * Half way down - gives rise to **tendocalcaenus** (Achilles tendon) * Inserts into calcaneal tuberosity
59
_Soleus muscle_ * Origin - ... and ... * ... foot * Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with tendocalcaneus * Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) * Supplied by tibial nerve
* Origin - **fibula** and **tibia** * **Flexes** foot * Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with tendocalcaneus * Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) * Supplied by tibial nerve
60
_Gastrocnemius muscle_ * Origin: Condyles of femur * Flexes leg and foot * Half way down - gives rise to tendocalcaenus (... tendon) * Inserts into ... ...
* Origin: Condyles of femur * Flexes leg and foot * Half way down - gives rise to tendocalcaenus (**Achilles** tendon) * Inserts into **calcaneal tuberosity**
61
_Plantaris muscle_ * Origin: femur * ... leg and foot * Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via ... ...) * Supplied by tibial nerve
* Origin: femur * **Flexes** leg and foot * Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via **calcaneal tendon**) * Supplied by tibial nerve
62
_Plantaris muscle_ * Origin: ... * Flexes leg and foot * Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) * Supplied by ... nerve
* Origin: **femur** * Flexes leg and foot * Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) * Supplied by **tibial** nerve
63
_Soleus muscle_ * Origin - fibula and tibia * Flexes foot * Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with ... * Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via ... tendon) * Supplied by ... nerve
* Origin - fibula and tibia * Flexes foot * Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with **tendocalcaneus** * Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via **calcaneal** tendon) * Supplied by **tibial** nerve
64
What nerve innervates the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg ?
tibial nerve
65
_Posterior compartment of leg - Deep Group_ * There are four muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg. One muscle, the ..., acts only on the knee joint. * The remaining three muscles (... posterior, flexor ... longus and flexor ... longus) act on the ankle and foot.
* There are four muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg. One muscle, the **popliteus**, acts only on the knee joint. * The remaining three muscles (**tibialis** posterior, flexor **hallucis** longus and flexor **digitorum** longus) act on the ankle and foot.
66
_Posterior compartment of leg - Deep group_ * Flex (plantar flex) and ... foot * Origin: ... + ... * 3 muscles * Flexor digitorum longus - flexes lateral 4 toes * Tibialis posterior - inverts foot * Flexor hallucis longus - flexes great toe
* Flex (plantar flex) and **invert** foot * Origin: **tibia + fibula** * 3 muscles * Flexor digitorum longus - flexes lateral 4 toes * Tibialis posterior - inverts foot * Flexor hallucis longus - flexes great toe * Tendon passes under flexor retinaculum
67
_Posterior compartment of leg - Deep group_ * Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot * Origin: tibia + fibula * 3 muscles * Flexor ... longus - flexes lateral 4 toes * ... posterior - inverts foot * Flexor ... longus - flexes great toe * Tendon passes under flexor retinaculum
* Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot * Origin: tibia + fibula * 3 muscles * Flexor **digitorum** longus - flexes lateral 4 toes * Tibialis **posterior** - inverts foot * Flexor **hallucis** longus - flexes great toe * Tendon passes under flexor retinaculum
68
What nerve innervates the deep compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve - same as superficial muscle compartment
69
Label the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
70
_Posterior compartment of leg - deep muscles into foot_ * Flexor hallucis longus inserts into ... .. of ... toe * Tibialis posterior inserts into medial ... + ... * Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal ... - crosses flexor hallucis longus
* Flexor hallucis longus inserts into **distal phalanx of great toe** * Tibialis posterior inserts into medial **cuneiform** + **navicular** * Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal **phalanges** - crosses flexor hallucis longus
71
_Posterior compartment of leg - deep muscles into foot_ * Flexor hallucis longus inserts into distal phalanx of great toe * Tibialis posterior inserts into medial cuneiform + navicular * Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal phalanges - crosses flexor hallucis longus
* Flexor hallucis longus inserts into distal phalanx of great toe * Tibialis posterior inserts into medial cuneiform + navicular * Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal phalanges - crosses flexor hallucis longus
72
_Lateral compartment of leg_ * There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the ... ... and ... ... * The common function of the muscles is eversion – turning the sole of the foot ... They are both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
* There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the **fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (also known as peroneal longus and brevis)** * The common function of the muscles is eversion – turning the sole of the foot **outwards**. They are both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
73
_Lateral compartment of leg_ * There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (also known as peroneal longus and brevis) * The common function of the muscles is ... – turning the sole of the foot outwards. They are both innervated by the ... ... nerve.
* There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (also known as peroneal longus and brevis) * The common function of the muscles is **eversion** – turning the sole of the foot outwards. They are both innervated by the **superficial fibular** nerve.
74
Label the lateral compartment of the leg (2 muscles)
75
_Fibularis longus_ * The fibularis longus is the ... and more ... muscle within the compartment * Evert foot and ... foot
* The fibularis longus is the **larger** and more **superficial** muscle within the compartment * Evert foot and **plantarflex** foot
76
_Fibularis brevis_ * The fibularis brevis muscles is ... and ... than the fibularis longus. * ... of the foot.
* The fibularis brevis muscles is **deeper** and **shorter** than the fibularis longus. * **Eversion** of the foot.
77
_Lateral compartment of leg_
78
_Lateral compartment of leg_
79
Fibularis longus maintains the ... arch
Fibularis longus maintains the **transverse** arch
80
_Long tendons of the foot_
81
_Long tendons of the foot_
82
_Long tendons of the foot_
83
_Intrinsic muscles of the foot_ * Similar to the ... * BE AWARE OF THESE MUSCLES ONLY - dont need to remember names or attachments
* Similar to the **hand** * BE AWARE OF THESE MUSCLES ONLY - dont need to remember names or attachments
84
_Blood supply to leg and foot (1)_ * ... artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side * Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped ... fossa - within this, the artery becomes the ... artery * Descends with vein through ... fossa and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries * Anterior tibial artery pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg * Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
* **Femoral** artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side * Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped **popliteal** fossa - within this, the artery becomes the **popliteal** artery * Descends with vein through **popliteal** fossa and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries * Anterior tibial artery pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg * Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
85
_Blood supply to leg and foot (1)_ * Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side * Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery * Descends with vein through popliteal fossa and enters the leg - splits into ... and ... ... arteries * ... ... ... pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg * ... ... ... continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the ... ... ... continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
* Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side * Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery * Descends with vein through popliteal fossa and enters the leg - splits into **anterior and posterior tibial arteries** * **Anterior tibial artery** pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg * **Posterior tibial artery** continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the **posterior tibial artery** continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
86
_Blood supply to leg and foot (1)_ * Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under ... muscle - heading towards medial side * Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery * Descends with vein through popliteal ... and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries * Anterior tibial artery pierces ... membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg * Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - ... artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through ... ...)
* Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under **sartorius** muscle - heading towards medial side * Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery * Descends with vein through popliteal **fossa** and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries * Anterior tibial artery pierces **interosseous** membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg * Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - **fibular** artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through **tarsal tunnel**)
87
_Tarsal tunnel_ * It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the medial ... and the ... to form the roof. * Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior) * ... ... tendon * Flexor ... ... tendon * Posterior tibial artery/vein * Tibial nerve * Flexor hallucis longus
* It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the medial **malleolus** and the **calcaneus** to form the roof. * Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior) * **Tibialis posterior** tendon * Flexor **digitorum longus** tendon * Posterior tibial artery/vein * Tibial nerve * Flexor hallucis longus
88
_Tarsal tunnel_
89
_Tarsal tunnel_ * It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the ... malleolus and the calcaneus to form the roof. * Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior) * Tibialis posterior tendon * Flexor digitorum longus tendon * ... ... artery/vein * ... nerve * Flexor ... longus
* It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the **medial** malleolus and the calcaneus to form the roof. * Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior) * Tibialis posterior tendon * Flexor digitorum longus tendon * **Posterior tibial** artery/vein * **Tibial** nerve * Flexor **hallucis** longus
90
Where can we take the pulse of the posterior tibial artery?
within the tarsal tunnel
91
_Medial/lateral plantar arteries_ * ... ... artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries: * Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards great toe * Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form ... ... arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle) * This arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes ... and ... and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
* **Posterior tibial** artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries: * Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards great toe * Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form **deep plantar** arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle) * Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes **1 and 2** and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
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_Medial/lateral plantar arteries_ * Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries: * Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards ... ... * Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under ... hallucis muscle) * Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with ... pedis artery
* Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries: * Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards **great toe** * Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under **adductor** hallucis muscle) * Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with **dorsalis** pedis artery
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_Medial/lateral plantar arteries_ * Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries: * ... plantar artery on ... side of foot towards great toe * ... plantar artery heads ... and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle) * Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
* Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries: * **Medial** plantar artery on **medial** side of foot towards great toe * **Lateral** plantar artery heads **laterally** and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle) * Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
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Label the diagram
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_Dorsalis pedis artery_ * ... ... artery descends with the deep fibular nerve, passing towards extensor retinaculum * Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot) * Sits ... to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus * Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with deep plantar arch
* **Anterior tibial** artery descends with the deep fibular nerve, passing towards extensor retinaculum * Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot) * Sits **laterally** to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus * Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with deep plantar arch
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_Dorsalis pedis artery_ * Anterior tibial artery descends with the deep ... nerve, passing towards ... retinaculum * Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot) * Sits laterally to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus * Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with ... ... arch
* Anterior tibial artery descends with the deep **fibular** nerve, passing towards **extensor** retinaculum * Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot) * Sits laterally to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus * Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with **deep plantar** arch
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_Nerve supply to the leg_ * Supplied by the terminal branches of the ... nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of femoral nerve) * ... nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches: * ... nerve towards posterior compartment * ... ... nerve (further divides into deep fibular - anterior compartment, superficial fibular - lateral compartment)
* Supplied by the terminal branches of the **sciatic** nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of femoral nerve) * **Sciatic** nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches: * **Tibial** nerve towards posterior compartment * **Common fibular** nerve (further divides into deep fibular - anterior compartment, superficial fibular - lateral compartment)
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_Nerve supply to the leg_ * Supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of ... nerve) * Sciatic nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches: * Tibial nerve towards posterior compartment * Common fibular nerve (further divides into ... fibular - anterior compartment, ... fibular - lateral compartment)
* Supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of **femoral** nerve) * Sciatic nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches: * Tibial nerve towards posterior compartment * Common fibular nerve (further divides into **deep** fibular - anterior compartment, **superficial** fibular - lateral compartment)
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Nerve supply to the leg - Label
100
_Tibial nerve_
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* The tibial nerve passes through the ... tunnel to enter the foot - divides into medial and lateral ... nerves * Supplies the ... ... muscles and ... surface of foot (skin)
* The tibial nerve passes through the **tarsal** tunnel to enter the foot - divides into medial and lateral **plantar** nerves * Supplies the **plantar** intrinsic muscles and **plantar** surface of foot (skin)
102
_Tibial nerve - Motor vs sensory function_ * Motor: ... compartment of leg + plantar ... muscles * Sensory: ... surface of foot
* Motor: **Posterior** compartment of leg + plantar **Intrinsic** muscles * Sensory: **Plantar** surface of foot
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Clinical: … tunnel syndrome (compression of tibial nerve)
Clinical: tarsal tunnel syndrome (compression of tibial nerve)
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Clinical: … tunnel syndrome (compression of ... nerve)
Clinical: … tunnel syndrome (compression of **tibial** nerve)
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_Common fibular nerve_ * Common fibular nerve divides into ... fibular nerve and ... fibular nerve * ... fibular nerve: * Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles * Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2 * ... fibular nerve: * Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg * Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
* Common fibular nerve divides into **superficial** fibular nerve and **deep** fibular nerve * **Deep** fibular nerve: * Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles * Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2 * **Superficial** fibular nerve: * Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg * Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
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_Common fibular nerve_ * Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve * Deep fibular nerve: * Motor supply - ... compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles * Sensory - skin between toes ... and ... * Superficial fibular nerve: * Motor supply - ... compartment of leg * Sensory - skin on ... of foot + anterior leg
* Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve * Deep fibular nerve: * Motor supply - **anterior** compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles * Sensory - skin between toes **1 and 2** * Superficial fibular nerve: * Motor supply - **lateral** compartment of leg * Sensory - skin on **dorsum** of foot + anterior leg
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_Common fibular nerve_ * Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve * Deep fibular nerve: * Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal ... muscles * Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2 * Superficial fibular nerve: * Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg * Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + ... leg
* Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve * Deep fibular nerve: * Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal **intrinsic** muscles * Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2 * Superficial fibular nerve: * Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg * Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + **anterior** leg
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Clinical: Trauma to ... ... nerve (foot drop)
Clinical: Trauma to **common** **fibular** nerve (foot drop)
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Clinical: Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot ...)
Clinical: Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot **drop**)
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Cutaneous innervation - leg and foot
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Cutaneous innervation - leg and foot
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Cutaneous innervation - leg and foot

Year 2 Medicine (162 decks)

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