Neck and Oral Cavity

Question 1

Oral Cavity

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the …
• Divided into an outer oral … and … oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral … includes the lips and cheeks
  • … oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The … includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the … of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-uvula.
  • The … of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Answer 1

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the larynx.
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the lips and cheeks
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The roof includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-uvula.
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Question 2

Oral Cavity

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the larynx.
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the … and …
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the …
  • The roof includes the … and … …
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. … arch. … arch-uvula.
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (… and …) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Answer 2

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the larynx.
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the lips and cheeks
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The roof includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-uvula.
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Question 3

Oral Cavity

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the larynx.
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the lips and cheeks
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The roof includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-…
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the … and … glands.

Answer 3

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the larynx.
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the lips and cheeks
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The roof includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-uvula.
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Question 4

Oral Cavity

• Located … to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the … inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the ….
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the lips and cheeks
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The roof includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-uvula.
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Answer 4

• Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both the nasal cavities superiorly and the pharynx inferiorly, as well as opening onto the face.
• The oral cavity functions as part of the digestive system and in manipulating the sounds produced by the larynx.
• Divided into an outer oral vestibule and inner oral cavity
  
  • Outer oral vestibule includes the lips and cheeks
  • Inner oral cavity is enclosed by the teeth
  • The roof includes the hard and soft palate
  • Muscles of the soft palate create the arches of the oral cavity. Palatoglossal arch. Palatopharyngeal arch-uvula.
  • The floor of the cavity is formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and the tongue and contains the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Question 5

Tongue

• The tongue is divided into an anterior two thirds (…) and a posterior third (…), demarked by a V shaped sulcus (… sulcus)
• … cover the tongue and all except filiform have taste buds on their surface
• Undersurface contains medial fold (…) which internally separates the right and left sides of the tongue

Answer 5

• The tongue is divided into an anterior two thirds (oral) and a posterior third (pharyngeal), demarked by a V shaped sulcus (terminal sulcus)
• Papillae cover the tongue and all except filiform have taste buds on their surface
• Undersurface contains medial fold (frenulum) which internally separates the right and left sides of the tongue

Question 6

Tongue

• The tongue is divided into an … two thirds (oral) and a … third (pharyngeal), demarked by a … shaped sulcus (terminal sulcus)
• Papillae cover the tongue and all except … have taste buds on their surface
• … contains medial fold (frenulum) which internally separates the right and left sides of the tongue

Answer 6

• The tongue is divided into an anterior two thirds (oral) and a posterior third (pharyngeal), demarked by a V shaped sulcus (terminal sulcus)
• Papillae cover the tongue and all except filiform have taste buds on their surface
• Undersurface contains medial fold (frenulum) which internally separates the right and left sides of the tongue

Question 7

Muscles of the tongue

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create … movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • … - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
  • … - retracts tongue
  • Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by … arteries and drains to … veins

Answer 7

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus - retracts tongue
  • Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by lingual arteries and drains to lingual veins

Question 8

Muscles of the tongue

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and …
• Extrinsic:
  
  • Genioglossus - … and … tongue
  • Hyoglossus - … tongue
  • Styloglossus - … tongue
  • Palatoglossus - … back of tongue and … soft palate
• Tongue supplied by lingual arteries and drains to lingual veins

Answer 8

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus - retracts tongue
  • Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by lingual arteries and drains to lingual veins

Question 9

Muscles of the tongue

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • … - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • … - depresses tongue
  • … - retracts tongue
  • … - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by lingual arteries and drains to lingual veins

Answer 9

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus - retracts tongue
  • Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by lingual arteries and drains to lingual veins

Question 10

Muscles of the tongue

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: …, transverse and … create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus - retracts tongue
  • Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by … arteries and drains to … veins

Answer 10

• The tongue is divided into left and right halves - Hence, all muscles are paired. Muscles are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
• Intrinsic: Longitudinal, transverse and vertical create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
• Extrinsic:
  
  • Genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
  • Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
  • Styloglossus - retracts tongue
  • Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate
• Tongue supplied by lingual arteries and drains to lingual veins

Question 11

Label the muscles of the tongue

Answer 11

Question 12

Tongue innervation

• Anterior 2/3rd
  
  • Taste:
    
    • Special afferent (taste) … CN… via Chorda tympani via inguinal nerve (V3)
  • Sensation - general sensation … nerve (V3)
• Posterior 1/3rd:
  
  • Taste: Special afferent (taste) … (CN…)
  • Sensation: General sensation … (CN…)
• Motor to whole tongue - Hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except … CN10

Answer 12

• Anterior 2/3rd
  
  • Taste:
    
    • Special afferent (taste) Facial CN7 via Chorda tympani via inguinal nerve (V3)
  • Sensation - general sensation lingual nerve (V3)
• Posterior 1/3rd:
  
  • Taste: Special afferent (taste) glossopharyngeal (CN9)
  • Sensation: General sensation glossopharyngeal (CN9)
• Motor to whole tongue - Hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except palatoglossus CN10

Question 13

Tongue innervation

• … 2/3rd
  
  • Taste:
    
    • Special afferent (taste) Facial CN7 via … … via inguinal nerve (V3)
  • Sensation - general sensation lingual nerve (V3)
• … 1/3rd:
  
  • Taste: Special afferent (taste) glossopharyngeal (CN9)
  • Sensation: General sensation glossopharyngeal (CN9)
• Motor to whole tongue - Hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except palatoglossus CN10

Answer 13

• Anterior 2/3rd
  
  • Taste:
    
    • Special afferent (taste) Facial CN7 via Chorda tympani via inguinal nerve (V3)
  • Sensation - general sensation lingual nerve (V3)
• Posterior 1/3rd:
  
  • Taste: Special afferent (taste) glossopharyngeal (CN9)
  • Sensation: General sensation glossopharyngeal (CN9)
• Motor to whole tongue - Hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except palatoglossus CN10

Question 14

Cranial Nerve 9 Glossopharyngeal

• Type - sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor and visceral
• Exit - … Foramen
• Innervation
  
  • Sensory - … 1/3 tongue, oropharynx
  • Taste - … 1/3 tongue
  • Motor - stylopharyngeus
  • Visceral to the … gland to stimulate … to aid …. Note - other salivary glands innervated via … nerve (CN…)

Answer 14

• Type - sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor and visceral
• Exit - Jugular Foramen
• Innervation
  
  • Sensory - posterior 1/3 tongue, oropharynx
  • Taste - posterior 1/3 tongue
  • Motor - stylopharyngeus
  • Visceral to the parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion. Note - other salivary glands innervated via facial nerve (CN7)

Question 15

Cranial Nerve 9 Glossopharyngeal

• Type - sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor and visceral
• Exit - Jugular …
• Innervation
  
  • Sensory - posterior 1/3 tongue, o…
  • Taste - posterior 1/3 tongue
  • Motor - stylo…
  • Visceral to the parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion. Note - other salivary glands innervated via facial nerve (CN7)

Answer 15

• Type - sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor and visceral
• Exit - Jugular Foramen
• Innervation
  
  • Sensory - posterior 1/3 tongue, oropharynx
  • Taste - posterior 1/3 tongue
  • Motor - stylopharyngeus
  • Visceral to the parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion. Note - other salivary glands innervated via facial nerve (CN7)

Question 16

What salivary gland is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 16

Partodi gland - other salivary glands innervated via facial nerve (CN7)

Question 17

Cranial Nerve 12 Hypoglossal

• Type: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
• Exit: … c…

Answer 17

• Type: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
• Exit: hypoglossal canal

Question 18

Larynx

• Specialised organ that provides a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces … The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages: Thyroid, c…, arytenoid, c…, corniculate and epiglottis.
• Contains ligaments, the two most important are the v… and the v… ligament
• Nerve supply: sensory and motor from the v…, via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch.
• Blood supply: upper half by the … thyroid artery and lower half by … thyroid artery.

Answer 18

• Specialised organ that provides a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces phonation. The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages: Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate and epiglottis.
• Contains ligaments, the two most important are the vestibular and the vocal ligament
• Nerve supply: sensory and motor from the vagus, via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch.
• Blood supply: upper half by the superior thyroid artery and lower half by interior thyroid artery.

Question 19

Larynx

• Specialised organ that provides a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces phonation. The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages: t…, cricoid, a…, cuneiform, corniculate and e…
• Contains ligaments, the two most important are the vestibular and the vocal ligament
• Nerve supply: sensory and motor from the vagus, via the … laryngeal branch and … laryngeal branch.
• Blood supply: upper half by the … … artery and lower half by … … artery.

Answer 19

• Specialised organ that provides a protective sphincter for the air passages and produces phonation. The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages: Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate and epiglottis.
• Contains ligaments, the two most important are the vestibular and the vocal ligament
• Nerve supply: sensory and motor from the vagus, via the superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch.
• Blood supply: upper half by the superior thyroid artery and lower half by interior thyroid artery.

Question 20

Cranial Nerve 10 Vagus

• Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor
• Path: rootlets from medulla, throgh … foramen continues in carotid sheath. Branches into head and thorax
• Exit: … foramen
• Innervation:
  
  • Sensory - from larynx, … mater
  • Taste - E… and P…
  • Visceral sensory - aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut
  • Motor - palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
  • Visceral motor - as part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut.

Answer 20

• Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor
• Path: rootlets from medulla, throgh jugular foramen continues in carotid sheath. Branches into head and thorax
• Exit: jugular foramen
• Innervation:
  
  • Sensory - from larynx, dura mater
  • Taste - epiglottis and pharynx
  • Visceral sensory - aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut
  • Motor - palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
  • Visceral motor - as part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut.

Question 21

Pharynx

• Pharynx is the most … part of the neck, situated … the nasal cavity and the larynx. It’s a … shaped tube with three sections:
• Nasopharynx, Laryngopharynx, Orophayrnx
• Muscles: consist of three … (superior, middle and inferior)
• Nerve supply: Motor via …, except - stylopharyngeus - CN9
• Sensory via V2, CN9, CN10

Answer 21

• Pharynx is the most posterior part of the neck, situated behind the nasal cavity and the larynx. It’s a funnel shaped tube with three sections:
• Nasopharynx, Laryngopharynx, Orophayrnx
• Muscles: consist of three constrictors (superior, middle and inferior)
• Nerve supply: Motor via vagus, except - stylopharyngeus - CN9
• Sensory via V2, CN9, CN10

Question 22

Pharynx

• Pharynx is the most posterior part of the neck, situated behind the nasal cavity and the larynx. It’s a funnel shaped tube with three sections:
• N…, L…, O…
• Muscles: consist of three constrictors (superior, middle and inferior)
• Nerve supply: Motor via vagus, except - … - CN9
• Sensory via V2, CN9, CN10

Answer 22

• Pharynx is the most posterior part of the neck, situated behind the nasal cavity and the larynx. It’s a funnel shaped tube with three sections:
• Nasopharynx, Laryngopharynx, Orophayrnx
• Muscles: consist of three constrictors (superior, middle and inferior)
• Nerve supply: Motor via vagus, except - stylopharyngeus - CN9
• Sensory via V2, CN9, CN10

Question 23

Fascia of neck

• The deep fascia of the neck creates the important layers
  
  • … fascia - pink
  • … fascia - blue
  • Investing fascia - green
• Important as reduces the spread of …
• Enables structures to move past each other in movement and … etc
• … sheath (Red) blends with the … and … fascia. It contains: common and internal carotid arteries. Internal jugular vein. Vagus Nerve (CN 10). Some deep cercal lymph nodes. Carotid sinus nerve.

Answer 23

• The deep fascia of the neck creates the important layers
  
  • Pretracheal fascia - pink
  • Prevertebral fascia - blue
  • Investing fascia - green
• Important as reduces the spread of infection
• Enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing etc
• Carotid sheath (Red) blends with the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia. It contains: common and internal carotid arteries. Internal jugular vein. Vagus Nerve (CN 10). Some deep cercal lymph nodes. Carotid sinus nerve.

Question 24

Cranial Nerve 10 Vagus

• Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor
• Path: rootlets from medulla, throgh jugular foramen continues in carotid sheath. Branches into head and …
• Exit: jugular foramen
• Innervation:
  
  • Sensory - from l…, dura mater
  • Taste - epiglottis and pharynx
  • Visceral sensory - aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut
  • Motor - …, muscles of pharynx and larynx
  • Visceral motor - as part of … to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut.

Answer 24

• Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor
• Path: rootlets from medulla, throgh jugular foramen continues in carotid sheath. Branches into head and thorax
• Exit: jugular foramen
• Innervation:
  
  • Sensory - from larynx, dura mater
  • Taste - epiglottis and pharynx
  • Visceral sensory - aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut
  • Motor - palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
  • Visceral motor - as part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut.

Question 25

_The neck_ * Transition area between base of ... superiorly and the thoracic cage inferiorly * Major conduit for structures passing between the head and thorax * Supported posteriorly by ... ... vertebrae * Contains the mobile ... bone

Answer 25

* Transition area between base of **cranium** superiorly and the thoracic cage inferiorly * Major conduit for structures passing between the head and thorax * Supported posteriorly by **7** **cervical** vertebrae * Contains the mobile **hyoid** bone

Question 26

_The neck_ * Transition area between base of cranium superiorly and the ... cage inferiorly * Major conduit for structures passing between the head and thorax * Supported ... by 7 cervical vertebrae * Contains the ... hyoid bone

Answer 26

* Transition area between base of cranium superiorly and the **thoracic** cage inferiorly * Major conduit for structures passing between the head and thorax * Supported **posteriorly** by 7 cervical vertebrae * Contains the **mobile** hyoid bone

Question 27

_Fascia of neck_ * The deep fascia of the neck creates the important layers * Pretracheal fascia - pink * Prevertebral fascia - blue * ... fascia - green * Important as reduces the spread of infection * Enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing etc * Carotid sheath (Red) blends with the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia. It contains: ... and ... carotid arteries. Internal ... vein. ... Nerve (CN 10). Some deep cercal lymph nodes. Carotid ... nerve.

Answer 27

* The deep fascia of the neck creates the important layers * Pretracheal fascia - pink * Prevertebral fascia - blue * **Investing** fascia - green * Important as reduces the spread of infection * Enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing etc * **Carotid sheath (Red) blends with the pretracheal and prevertebral fascia. It contains: common and internal carotid arteries. Internal jugular vein. Vagus Nerve (CN 10). Some deep cercal lymph nodes. Carotid sinus nerve.**

Question 28

_Surface Anatomy - NECK_ * The neck is divided into the anterior and lateral/posterior compartment by the presence of the .... muscle * The anterior compartment is further subdivided into three paired triangles and one unpaired; the unpaired submental triangle, the paired submandibular, C... and muscular triangle. * The posterior compartment is bounded posteriorly by the ... muscle and is divided into two triangles by the presence of the posterior belly of ... into: the large occipital triangle and the smaller omoclavicular triangle

Answer 28

* The neck is divided into the anterior and lateral/posterior compartment by the presence of the **sternocleidomastoid** muscle * The anterior compartment is further subdivided into three paired triangles and one unpaired; the unpaired submental triangle, the paired submandibular, **carotid** and muscular triangle. * The posterior compartment is bounded posteriorly by the **trapezius** muscle and is divided into two triangles by the presence of the posterior belly of **omohyoid** into: the large occipital triangle and the smaller omoclavicular triangle

Question 29

_Surface Anatomy - NECK_ * The neck is divided into the anterior and lateral/posterior compartment by the presence of the s... muscle * The anterior compartment is further subdivided into three paired triangles and one unpaired; the unpaired ... triangle, the paired s..., carotid and ... triangle. * The posterior compartment is bounded posteriorly by the trapezius muscle and is divided into two triangles by the presence of the posterior belly of omohyoid into: the large ... triangle and the smaller ... triangle

Answer 29

* The neck is divided into the anterior and lateral/posterior compartment by the presence of the **sternocleidomastoid** muscle * The anterior compartment is further subdivided into three paired triangles and one unpaired; the unpaired **submental** triangle, the paired **submandibular**, carotid and **muscular** triangle. * The posterior compartment is bounded posteriorly by the trapezius muscle and is divided into two triangles by the presence of the posterior belly of omohyoid into: the large **occipital** triangle and the smaller **omoclavicular** triangle

Question 30

_Muscles and contents of the Anterior Triangle_ * Submandibular triangle bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric. Contains: ... gland, ... artery and vein. * Submental triangle bounded by: d.... Contains lymph nodes * Muscular triangle bounded by: omohyoid, SCM.. Contains supra and infra ... muscles * Carotid triangle bounded by: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, SCM. Contains: common ... artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, ... nerve, ... nerve.

Answer 30

* Submandibular triangle bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric. Contains: **submandibular** gland, **facial** artery and vein. * Submental triangle bounded by: **digastric**. Contains lymph nodes * Muscular triangle bounded by: omohyoid, SCM.. Contains supra and infra **hyoid** muscles * Carotid triangle bounded by: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, SCM. Contains: common **carotid** artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, **vagus** nerve, **accessory** nerve.

Question 31

_Muscles and contents of the Anterior Triangle_ * Submandibular triangle bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric. Contains: submandibular gland, facial artery and vein. * ... triangle bounded by: digastric. Contains lymph nodes * ... triangle bounded by: omohyoid, SCM.. Contains supra and infra hyoid muscles * ... triangle bounded by: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, SCM. Contains: common carotid artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve.

Answer 31

* Submandibular triangle bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric. Contains: submandibular gland, facial artery and vein. * **Submental** triangle bounded by: digastric. Contains lymph nodes * **Muscular** triangle bounded by: omohyoid, SCM.. Contains supra and infra hyoid muscles * **Carotid** triangle bounded by: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, SCM. Contains: common carotid artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve.

Question 32

_Muscles of the muscular triangle_ * Suprahyoid muscles: * Stylohyoid, d..., m... and g... * Innervation: facial nerve for stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric. m... by CN 5 and g... by CN 12 * Infrahyoid muscles: * Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and sternothyroid * Innervation: C...-C... of ansa cervicalis

Answer 32

* Suprahyoid muscles: * Stylohyoid, **digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid** * Innervation: facial nerve for stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric. **Mylohyoid by CN 5 and geniohyoid by CN 12** * Infrahyoid muscles: * Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and sternothyroid * Innervation: **C1-C3** of ansa cervicalis

Question 33

_Muscles of the muscular triangle_ * Suprahyoid muscles: * S..., digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid * Innervation: facial nerve for stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric. Mylohyoid by CN ... and geniohyoid by CN ... * Infrahyoid muscles: * O..., S..., T..., and ... * Innervation: C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis

Answer 33

* Suprahyoid muscles: * **Stylohyoid**, digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid * Innervation: facial nerve for stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric. Mylohyoid by CN **5** and geniohyoid by CN **12** * Infrahyoid muscles: * **Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, and sternothyroid** * Innervation: C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis

Question 34

_Muscles and contents of the posterior triangle_ * Posterior triangle contains: ... artery, EJV, ... plexus, CN11, cervical plexus * ... triangle bounded by: SCM, trapezius and omohyoid * ... triangle bounded by: clavicular head of SCM, clavicle and omohyoid

Answer 34

* Posterior triangle contains: **subclavian** artery, EJV, **brachial** plexus, CN11, cervical plexus * **Occipital** triangle bounded by: SCM, trapezius and omohyoid * **Supraclavicular** triangle bounded by: clavicular head of SCM, clavicle and omohyoid

Question 35

_Muscles and contents of the posterior triangle_ * Posterior triangle contains: subclavian artery, E..., brachial plexus, CN..., ... plexus * Occipital triangle bounded by: SCM, T... and omohyoid * Supraclavicular triangle bounded by: clavicular head of SCM, clavicle and O..

Answer 35

* Posterior triangle contains: subclavian artery, **EJV**, brachial plexus, **CN11**, **cervical** plexus * Occipital triangle bounded by: SCM, **trapezius** and omohyoid * Supraclavicular triangle bounded by: clavicular head of SCM, clavicle and **omohyoid**

Question 36

_Arterial supply - Neck/oral cavity_ * Number of major vessels travel in the neck to supply the viscera, upper limb and head. * ... divides into the common carotid which divides into the Internal and external carotid * External carotid divides into 6 branches to supply the head and neck * ... thyroid, ascending ..., lingual, f..., m..., superficial ... * Internal carotid - no branches until inside the skull * ... arteries - gives rise to inferior thyroid

Answer 36

* Number of major vessels travel in the neck to supply the viscera, upper limg and head. * **Brachiocephalic** divides into the common carotid which divides into the Internal and external carotid * External carotid divides into 6 branches to supply the head and neck * **Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal** * Internal carotid - no branches until inside the skull * **Subclavian** arteries - gives rise to inferior thyroid

Question 37

_Arterial supply - Neck/oral cavity_ * Number of major vessels travel in the neck to supply the viscera, upper limg and head. * Brachiocephalic divides into the ... carotid which divides into the ... and ... carotid * ... carotid divides into 6 branches to supply the head and neck * Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal * ... carotid - no branches until inside the skull * Subclavian arteries - gives rise to ... thyroid

Answer 37

* Number of major vessels travel in the neck to supply the viscera, upper limg and head. * Brachiocephalic divides into the **common** carotid which divides into the **Internal** and **external** carotid * **External** carotid divides into 6 branches to supply the head and neck * Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal * **Internal** carotid - no branches until inside the skull * Subclavian arteries - gives rise to **inferior** thyroid

Question 38

_Venous drainage - Neck and Oral cavity_ * The ... jugular vein () drains the brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles * ... jugular vein * ... jugular vein

Answer 38

* **The internal jugular vein (IJV) drains the brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles** * **External jugular vein** * **Anterior jugular vein**

Question 39

_Venous drainage - Neck and Oral cavity_ * The internal ... vein (IJV) drains the brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles * External ... vein * Anterior ... vein

Answer 39

* **The internal jugular vein (IJV) drains the brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles** * **External jugular vein** * **Anterior jugular vein**

Question 40

_Cranial Nerve 11 Accessory_ * Type: Motor to ... and ... * Exit: Jugular Foramen

Answer 40

* Type: Motor to **Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius** * Exit: Jugular Foramen

Question 41

_Cranial Nerve 11 Accessory_ * Type: ... to Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius * Exit: ... Foramen

Answer 41

* Type: **Motor** to Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius * Exit: **Jugular** Foramen

Question 42

_Cranial Nerve 8 Vestibulocochlear Nerve_ * Type: Sensory, special somatic afferent for ..., equilibrium and motion. * Path: Divides into ... and ... Nerves * Exit: ... acoustic meatus

Answer 42

* Type: Sensory, special somatic afferent for **hearing**, equilibrium and motion. * Path: Divides into **Vestibular** and **Cochlear** Nerves * Exit: **Internal** acoustic meatus

Question 43

_Cranial Nerve 8 Vestibulocochlear Nerve_ * Type: s..., special somatic afferent for hearing, e... and m... * Path: Divides into Vestibular and Cochlear Nerves * Exit: Internal ... ...

Answer 43

* Type: **Sensory, special somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium and motion.** * Path: Divides into Vestibular and Cochlear Nerves * Exit: Internal **acoustic meatus**