Anatomy_ Muscle Tables_1 Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
Q
Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis): Description
A
Bipartite muscle consisting of frontal and occipital bellies connected by the epicranial aponeurosis. The alternate actions of these two muscles pull scalp anteriorly and posteriorly
2
Q
frontal belly: description
A
covers forehead and dome of skull; no bony attachments
3
Q
occipital belly: description
A
overlies posterior occiput; by pulling on the epicranial aponeuronsis, fixes origin of the frontal belly
4
Q
corrugator supercilii: description
A
small muscle to eyebrow; acts with orbicularis oculi
5
Q
orbicularis oculi: description
A
thin, flat sphincter muscle of eyelid; surrounds rim of the orbit
6
Q
zygomaticus: description
A
muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth
7
Q
orbicularis oris: description
A
multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly
8
Q
mentalis: description
A
one of the muscle pair forming a V-shaped muscle mass on chin
9
Q
platysma: description
A
unpaired, thin, sheetlike superficial neck muscle; not strictly a head muscle, but plays a role in facial expression
10
Q
risorius: description
A
slender muscle inferior and lateral to zygomaticus
11
Q
levator labii superioris: description
A
thin muscle between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin
12
Q
depressor labii inferioris: description
A
small muscle running from mandible to lower lip
13
Q
depressor anguli oris: description
A
small muscle lateral to depressor labii inferioris
14
Q
buccinator: description
A
thin, horizontal cheek muscle; principal muscle of cheek; deep to masseter
15
Q
masseter: description
A
powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of ramus of mandible
16
Q
temporalis: description
A
fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal, and parietal bones
17
Q
medial pterygoid: description
A
deep two-headed muscle that runs along internal surface of mandible and is largely concealed by that bone
18
Q
lateral pterygoid: description
A
deep two-headed muscle; lies superior to medial pterygoid muscle
19
Q
genioglossus: description
A
fan-shaped muscle; forms bult of inferior part of tongue; its attachment to mandible prevents tongue from falling backward and obstructing respiration
20
Q
hyoglossus: description
A
flat, quadrilateral muscle
21
Q
styloglossus: description
A
slender muscle running superiorly to and at right angles to hyoglossus
22
Q
digastric: description
A
consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon, forming a V shape under the chin
23
Q
stylohyoid: description
A
slender muscle below angle of jaw; parallels posterior belly of digastric muscle
24
Q
mylohyoid: description
A
flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric muscle; this muscle pair forms a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth
25
geniohyoid: description
narrow muscle in contact with its partner medially; runs from chin to hyoid bone deep to mylohyoid
26
sternohyoid: description
most medial muscle of the neck; thin; superficial except inferiorly, where covered by sternocleidomastoid
27
sternothyroid: description
lateral and deep to sternohyoid
28
omohyoid: description
straplike muscle with two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; lateral to sternohyoid
29
thyrohyoid: description
appears as a superior continuation of sternothyroid muscle
30
superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors: description
composite of three pair muscles whose fibers run circularly in pharynx wall; arranged so that the superior mescle is innermost and inferior one is outermost; substantial overlap
31
sternocleidomastoid: description
two-headed muscle located deep to platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
32
scalences: description
located more laterally than anteriorly on neck; deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid
33
splenius: description
broad bipartite superficial muscle (capitis and cervicis parts) extending from upper thoracic vertebrae to skull
34
iliocostalis: description
most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck
35
longissimus: description
intermediate tripartite muscle group of erector spinae; extend by many muscle slips from lumbar region to skull; mainly pass between transverse processes of the vertebrae
36
spinalis: description
most medial muscle column of erector spinae; cervicis usually rudimentary and poorly defined
37
semispinalis: description
composite muscle forming part of deep layer of inttrinsic back muscles; extends from thoracic region to head
38
quadratus lumborum: description
fleshy muscle forming part of posterior abdominal wall
39
external intercostals: description
11 pairs lie between ribs; fibers run obliquely (down and medial) from each rib to rib below; in lower intercostal spaces, fibers are continuous with external oblique muscle forming part of abdominal wall
40
internal intercostals: description
11 pairs lie between ribs; fibers run deep to and at right angles to those of external intercostals (i.e., up and medial); lower internal intercostals muscles are continuous with fibers of internal oblique muscle of abdominal wall
41
diaphragm: description
broad muscle pierced by the aorta, inferior vena cava, and esophagus; forms floor of thoracic cavity; in relaxed state is dome-shaped; fibers converge from margins of thoracic cage toward a boomerange-shaped central tendon
42
external oblique: description
largest and most superficial of the three lateral muscles; fibers run downward and medially (same direction outstretched fingers take when hands put into pants pockets); aponeurosis turns under inferiorly, forming inguinal ligament
43
internal oblique: description
most fibers run superiorly and medially; the muscle fans such that its inferior fibers run inferiorly and medially
44
transversus abdominis: description
deepest (innermost) muscle of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally
45
rectus abdominis: description
medial muscle pair; extend from pubis to rib cage; ensheathed by aponeuroses of lateral muscles; segmented by three tendinous intersections
46
levator ani: description
"broad, thin, tripartite muscle (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus parts); its fibers extend inferomedially, forming a muscular ""sling"" around the prostate (or vagina), urethra, and anorectal junction before meeting in the median plane"
47
coccygeus: description
small triangular muscle lying posterior to levator ani; forms posterior part of pelvic diaphragm
48
deep transverse perineal muscle: description
together the pair spans distance between ischial rami; in females, lies posterior to vagina
49
external urethral sphincter: description
muscle encircling urethra and vagina (female)
50
ischiocavernosus: description
runs from pelvis to base of penis or clitoris
51
bulbospongiosus: description
encloses base of penis (bulb) in males and lies deep to labia in females
52
superficial transverse perineal muscle: description
paired muscle bands posterior to urethral (and in females, vaginal) opening; variable; sometimes absent
53
pectoralis minor: description
flat, thin muscle deep to pectoralis major
54
serratus anterior: description
fan-shaped muscle; lies deep to scapula, deep and inferior to pectoral muscles on lateral rib cage; forms medial wall of axilla, origins have serrated, or sawtooth, apperance
55
subclavius: description
small cylindrical muscle extending from rib 1 to clavicle
56
trapezius: description
most superficial muscle of poterior thorax; flat and triangular; upper fibers run inferiorly to scapula; middle fibers run horizontally to scapula; lower fibers run superiorly to scapula
57
levator scapulae: description
located at back and side of neck, deep to trapezius; thick, straplike muscle
58
rhomboids: description
two rectangular muscles lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae; rhomboid minor is the more superior muscle
59
pectoralis major: description
large, fan-shaped muscle covering upper portion of cheste; forms anterior axillary fold; divided into clavicular and sternal parts
60
deltoid: description
thick, multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass; a site commonly used for intramuscular injection, particularly in males, where it tends to be quite fleshy
61
latissimus dorsi: description
broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back (lumbar region); extensive superficial origins; covered by trapezius superiorly; contributes to the posterior wall of axilla
62
teres major: description
thick, rounded muscle; located inferior to teres minor, helps to form posterior wall of axilla (along with latissimus dorsi and subscapularis)
63
subscapularis: description
a rotator cuff muscle; forms part of posterior wall of axilla; tendon of insertion passes in front of shoulder joint
64
supraspinatus: description
a rotator cuff muscle; named for its location on posterior aspect of scapula; deep to trapezius
65
infraspinatus: description
a rotator cuff muscle; partially covered by deltoid and trapezius; named for its scapular location
66
teres minor: description
a rotator cuff muscle; small, elongated muscle; lies inferior to infraspinatus and may be inseperable from that muscle
67
coracobrachialis: description
small, cylindrical muscle; located in anterior compartment of arm
68
triceps brachii: description
large fleshy muscle; the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm; three-headed origin; long and lateral heads lie superficial to medial head
69
anconeus: description
short triangular muscle; closely associated with distal end of triceps on posterior humerus
70
brachioradialis: description
superficial muscle of lateral forearm; forms lateral boundary of cubital fossa; extends from distal humerus to distal forearm; develops from extensor muscle group; functionally a flexor
71
biceps brachii: description
two-headed fusiform muscle; bellies unite as insertion point is approached; tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint
72
brachialis: description
strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus
73
pronator teres: description
two-headed muscle; seen in superficial view between proximal margins of brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis; forms medial boundary of cubital fossa
74
flexor carpi radialis: description
runs diagonally across forearm; midway, its fleshy belly is replaced by a flat tendon that becomes cordlike at wrist
75
palmaris longus: description
small fleshy muscle with a long insertion tendon; often absent; may be used as guid to find median nerve that lies lateral to it at wrist
76
flexor carpi ulnaris: description
most medial muscle of this grop; two-headed; ulnar nerve lies lateral to its tendon
77
flexor digitorum superficialis: description
two-headed muscle; more deeply placed, overlain by superficial muscles but visible at distal end of forearm
78
flexor pollicis longus: description
partly covered by flexor digitorum superficialis; lies lateral and parallel to flexor digitorum profundus
79
flexor digitorum profundus: description
extensive origin; overlain entirely by flexor digitorum superficialis
80
pronator quadratus: description
deepest muscle of distal forearm; passes downward and laterally; only muscle that arises solely from ulna and inserts solely into radius
81
extensor carpi radialis longus: description
parallels brachioradialis on lateral forearm, and may blend with it
82
extensor carpi radialis brevis: description
somewhat shorter than extensor carpi radialis longus and lies deep to it
83
extensor digitorum: description
lies medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis; a detached portion of this muscle, called extensor digiti minimi, extends little finger
84
extensor carpi ulnaris: description
most medial of superficial posterior muscles; long, slender muscle
85
supinator: description
deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow; largely concealed by superficial muscles
86
abductor pollicis longus: description
lateral and parallel to extensor pollicis longus; just distal to supinator
87
extensor pollicis brevis and longus: description
deep muscle pair with a common origin and action; overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris
88
extensor indicis: description
tiny muscle arising close to wrist
89
abductor pollicis brevis: description
lateral muscle of thenar group; superficial
90
flexor pollicis brevis: description
medial and deep muscle of thenar group
91
opponens pollicis: description
deep to adbuctor pollicis brevis, on metacarpal I
92
adductor pollicis: description
fan-shaped with horizontal fibers; distal to otehr thenar muscles; oblique and transverse heads
93
abductor digiti minimi: description
medial muscle of hypothenar group; superficial (hand)
most lateral of the three superficial sole muscles (foot)
most lateral of the three superficial sole muscles (foot)
94
flexor digiti minimi brevis: description
lateral deep muscle of hypothenar group (hand)
covers metatarsal V (foot)
covers metatarsal V (foot)
95
opponens digiti minimi: description
deep to abductor digiti minimi
96
lumbricals: description
four worm-shaped muscles in palm [or sole], one to each finger [/toe](except thumb [/big toe]); unusual because they originate from the tendons of another muscle
97
palmar interossei: description
four long, cone-shaped muscles in the spaces between the metacarpals; lie ventral to the dorsal interossei
98
dorsal interossei: description
four bipennate muscles filling spaces between the metacarpals; deepest palm muscles, also visible on dorsal side of hand
99
iliacus: description
large fan-shaped, more lateral muscle (of iliopsoas)
100
psoas major: description
longer, thicker, more medial muscle of the pair (of iliopsoas). (Butchers refer to this muscle, in beef or pork, as the tenderloin)
101
tensor fasciae latae: description
enclosed between fascia layers of anterolateral aspect of thigh; functionally associated with medial rotators and flexors of thigh
102
sartorius: description
straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; longest muscle in body; crosses both hip and knee joints
103
rectus femoris: description
superficial muscle of anterior thigh; runs straight down thigh; longest head and only muscle of group to cross hip joint
104
vastus lateralis: description
largest head of the group, forms lateral aspect of thigh; a common intramuscular injection site
105
vastus medialis: description
forms inferomedial aspect of thigh
106
vastus intermedius: description
obscured by rectus femoris; lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh
107
pectineus: description
short, flat muscle; overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh; abuts adductor longus medially
108
gracillis: description
long, thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh
109
adductor longus: description
overlies middle aspect of adductor magnus; most anterior of adductor muscles
110
adductor brevis: description
in contact with obturator externus muscle; largely concealed by adductor longus and pectineus
111
adductor magnus: description
a traingular muscle with a broad insertion; is a composite muscle that is part adductor and part hamstirng in action
112
gluteus maximus: description
largest and most superficial of gluteus muscles; forms bulk of buttock mass; fascicles are thick and coarse; a site of intramuscular injection (dorsal gluteal site); overlies large sciatic norve; covers ischial tuberosity only when standing; when sitting, moves superiorly, leaving ischial tuberosity exposed in the subcutaneous position
113
gluteus medius: description
thick muscle largely covered by gludeus maximus; important site for intramuscular injections (ventral gluteal site); considered safer than dorsal gluteal site because there is less change injuring sciatic nerve
114
gluteus minimus: description
smallest and deepest of gluteal muscles
115
biceps femoris: description
most lateral muscle of the group (hamstrings); arises from two heads
116
semitendinosus: description
lies medial to biceps femoris; its long, slender tendon begins about two-thirds of the way down thigh
117
semimembranosus: description
deep to semitendinosus
118
piriformis: description
pyramidal muscle located on posterior aspect of hip joint; infernal to gluteus minimus; issues from pelvis via greater sciatic notch
119
obturator exterus: description
flat, triangular muscle deep in upper midal aspect of thigh
120
obturator internus: description
surrounds obturator foramen within pelvis; leaves pelvis via lesser sciatic notch and turns acutely forward to insert on femur
121
gemellus: description
two small muscles with common insertions and actions; considered extrapelvic portions of obturator internus
122
quadratus femoris: description
short, thick muscle; most inferior of lateral rotator muscles; extends laterally from pelvis
123
tibialis anterior: description
superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels shaprt anterior margin of tibia
124
extensor digitorum longus: description
unipennate muscle on anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior muscle
125
fibularis (peroneus) tertius: description
small muscle; usually continuous and fused with distal part of extensor digitorum longus; not always present
126
extensor hallucis longus: description
deep to extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior; narrow origin
127
fibularis (peroneus) longus: description
superficial lateral muscle; overlies fibula
128
fibularis (peroneus) brevis: description
smaller muscle; deep to fibularis langus; enclosed in a common sheath
129
gastrocnemius: description
superficial muscle of pair (triceps surae); two prominent bellies that form proximal curve of calf
130
soleus: description
broat, flat muscle, deep to gastrocnemius on posterior surface of calf
131
plantaris: description
generally a small, feeble muscle, but varies in size and extent; may be absent
132
popliteus: description
thin, triangular muscle at posterior knee; passes downward and medially to tibial surface
133
flexor digitorum longus: description
long, narrow muscle; runs medial to and partially ovenlies tibialis posterior
134
flexor hallucis longus: description
bipennate muscle; lies lateral to inferior aspect of tibialis posterior
135
tibialis posterior: description
thick, flat muscle dep to soleus; placed between posterior flexors
136
extensor digitorum brevis: description
small, four-part muscle on dorsum of foot; deep to the tendons of extensor digitorum longus; corresponds to the extensor indicis and extensor pollicis muscles of forearm
137
flexor digitorum brevis: description
(first layer, most superficial), bandlike muscle in middle of sole; corresponds to flexor digitorum sperficialis of forearm and inserts into digits in the same way
138
abductor hallucios: description
(first layer, most superficial), lies medial to flexor digitorum brevis (recall the similar thumb muscle, abductor pollicis brevis)
139
flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae): description
(second layer), retangular muscle just deep to flexor digitorum brevis in posterior half of sole; two heads
140
flexor hallucis brevis: description
(third layer), covers metatarsal I; splits into two bellies--recall flexor pollicis brevis of thumb
141
adductor hallucis: description
(third layer), oblique and transverse heads; deep to lumbricals (recall adductor pollicis in thumb)
142
plantar and dorsal interossei: description
(fourth layer), three plantar and four dorsal; similar to palmar and dorsal interossei of hand in lacations, attachments, and actions; however, the long axis of foot around which these muscles orienty is the secnd digit, not third
143
frontal belly: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--epicranial aponeurosis
I--skin of eyebrows and root of nose
I--skin of eyebrows and root of nose
144
occipital belly: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--occipital and temporal (mastoid) bones
I--epicranial aponeurosis
I--epicranial aponeurosis
145
corrugator supercilli: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--arch of frontal bone above nasal bone
I--skin of eyebrow
I--skin of eyebrow
146
orbicularis oculi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
I--tissue of eyelid
I--tissue of eyelid
147
zygomaticus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--zygomatic bone
I--skin and muscle at corner of mouth
I--skin and muscle at corner of mouth
148
orbicularis oris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles asociated with the lips
I--encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
I--encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
149
mentalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--mandible below incisors
I--skin of chin
I--skin of chin
150
platysma: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoi)
I--lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth
I--lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth
151
risorius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle
I--skin at angle of mouth
I--skin at angle of mouth
152
levator labii superioris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla
I--skin and muscle of upper lip
I--skin and muscle of upper lip
153
depressor labii inferioris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--body of mandible lateral to its midline
I--skin and muscle of lower lip
I--skin and muscle of lower lip
154
depressor anguli oris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--body of mandible below incisors
I--skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus
I--skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus
155
buccinator: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--molar region of maxilla and mandible
I--orbicularis oris
I--orbicularis oris
156
masseter: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
I--angle and ramus of mandible
I--angle and ramus of mandible
157
temporalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--temporal fossa
I--coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch
I--coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch
158
medial pterygoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone
I--medial surface of mandible near its angle
I--medial surface of mandible near its angle
159
lateral pterygoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I--condylar process of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint
I--condylar process of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint
160
genioglossus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--internal surface of mandible near symphysis
I--inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone
I--inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone
161
syoglossus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--body and greater horn of hyoid bone
I--inferolateral tongue
I--inferolateral tongue
162
styloglossus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--styloid process of temporal bone
I--lateral inferior aspect of tongue
I--lateral inferior aspect of tongue
163
digastric: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)
I--by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
I--by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
164
stylohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--styloid process of temporal bone
I--hyoid bone
I--hyoid bone
165
mylohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial surface of mandible
I--hyoid bone and median raphe
I--hyoid bone and median raphe
166
geniohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--inner surface of mandibular symphysis
I--hyoid bone
I--hyoid bone
167
sternohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--manubrium and medial end of clavicle
I--lower margin of hyoid bone
I--lower margin of hyoid bone
168
sternothyroid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I--thyroid cartilage
I--thyroid cartilage
169
omohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--superior surface of scapula
I--hyoid bone, lower border
I--hyoid bone, lower border
170
thyrohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--thyroid cartilage
I--hyoid bone
I--hyoid bone
171
superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--attached anteriorly to mandible and medial pterygoid plate (superior), hyoid bone (middle), and laryngeal cartilages (inferior)
I--posterior median raphe of pharynx
I--posterior median raphe of pharynx
172
sternocleidomastoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
173
scalenes: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I--anteriorlaterally on first two ribs
I--anteriorlaterally on first two ribs
174
splenius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--ligamentum nuchae. spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T6
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitis); transverse processes of C2-C4 vertebrae (cervicis)
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitis); transverse processes of C2-C4 vertebrae (cervicis)
175
iliocostalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--iliac crests (lumborum); inferior 6 ribs (thoracis); ribs 3 to 6 (cervicis)
I--angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis); transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C6-C4 (cervicis)
I--angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis); transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C6-C4 (cervicis)
176
longissimus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I--transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone
I--transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone
177
spinalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
I--spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
I--spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
178
semispinalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--transverse processes of C7-T12
I--occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical (cervicis) and thoracic vertebrae T1 to T4 (thoracis)
I--occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical (cervicis) and thoracic vertebrae T1 to T4 (thoracis)
179
quadratus lumborum: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--iliac crest and lumbar fascia
I--transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib
I--transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib
180
external intercostals: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--inferior border of rib above
I--superior border of rib below
I--superior border of rib below
181
internal intercostals: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--superior border of rib below
I--inferior border (costal groove) of rib above
I--inferior border (costal groove) of rib above
182
diaphragm: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--inferior internal nurface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs, and lumbar vertebrae
I--central tendon
I--central tendon
183
external oblique: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs
I--most fibers insert into linea alba via a broad aponeurosis; some insert into pubic crest and tubercle and iliac crest
I--most fibers insert into linea alba via a broad aponeurosis; some insert into pubic crest and tubercle and iliac crest
184
internal oblique: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
I--linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs antd costal margin
I--linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs antd costal margin
185
transversus abdominis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last six ribs; iliac crest
I--linea alba, pubic crest
I--linea alba, pubic crest
186
rectus abdominis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--pubic crest and symphysis
I--xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
I--xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
187
levator ani: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--extensive linear origin inside pelvis from pubis to ischial spine
I--inner surface of coccyx, levator any of opposite side, and (in part) into the structures that penetrate it
I--inner surface of coccyx, levator any of opposite side, and (in part) into the structures that penetrate it
188
coccygeus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--spine of ischium
I--sacrum and coccyx
I--sacrum and coccyx
189
deep transverse perineal muscle: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--ischial rami
I--midline perineal body; some fibers into vaginal wall in females
I--midline perineal body; some fibers into vaginal wall in females
190
external urethral sphincter: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--ischiopubic rami
I--midline raphe
I--midline raphe
191
ischiocavernosus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--ischial tuberosities
I--crus of corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
I--crus of corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
192
bulbospongeiousus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--perineal body and midline raphe of penis
I--anteriorly into corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
I--anteriorly into corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
193
superficial transverse perineal muscle: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--iscial tuberosity
I--perineal body
I--perineal body
194
pectoralis minor: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5 (or 2-4)
I--coracoid process of scapula
I--coracoid process of scapula
195
serratus anterior: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8 (or 9)
I--entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
I--entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
196
subclavius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--costal cartilage of rib 1
I--groove on inferior surface of clavicle
I--groove on inferior surface of clavicle
197
trapezius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I--a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle
I--a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle
198
levator scapulae: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--transverse processes of C1-C4
I--medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine
I--medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine
199
rhomboids: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--spinous processes of C7 and T1 (minor) and spinous processes of T2-T5 (major)
I--medial border of scapula
I--medial border of scapula
200
pectoralis major: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 (or 7), and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
I--fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus
I--fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus
201
deltoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
I--deltoid tuberosity of humerus
I--deltoid tuberosity of humerus
202
litissimus dorsi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--indirect attachment via thoracolumbar fascia into spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3 to 4 ribs, and iliac crest
I--spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
I--spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
203
teres major: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle
I--crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus; insertion tendon fused with that of latissimus dorsi
I--crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus; insertion tendon fused with that of latissimus dorsi
204
subscapularis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--subscapular fossa of scapula
I--lesser tubercle of humerus
I--lesser tubercle of humerus
205
supraspinatus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--supraspinous fossa of scapula
I--superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
I--superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
206
infraspinatus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--infraspinous fossa of scapula
I--greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus
I--greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus
207
teres minor: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--sateral border of dorsal scapular surface
I--greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion
I--greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion
208
coracobrachialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--coracoid process of scapula
I--medial surface of humerus shaft
I--medial surface of humerus shaft
209
triceps brachii: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head: posterior shaft of humerus; medial head: posterior shaft of humerus distal to radial groove
I--by common tendon into olecranon of ulna
I--by common tendon into olecranon of ulna
210
anconeus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus
I--lateral aspect of olecranon of ulna
I--lateral aspect of olecranon of ulna
211
brachioradialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus
I--base of styloid process of radius
I--base of styloid process of radius
212
biceps brachii: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--short head: coracoid process; long head: supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs within capsule of shoulder joint and descends into interbuercular sulcus of humerus
I--by common tendon into radial tuberosity
I--by common tendon into radial tuberosity
213
brachialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior surface of distal humerus; embraces insertion of deltoid muscle
I--coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint
I--coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint
214
pronator teres: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna
I--by common tendon into lateral radius; midshaft
I--by common tendon into lateral radius; midshaft
215
flexor carpi radialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial epicondyle of humerus
I--base of second and third metacarpals; insertion tendon easily seen and provides guid to position of radial artery (used for pulse taking) at wrist
I--base of second and third metacarpals; insertion tendon easily seen and provides guid to position of radial artery (used for pulse taking) at wrist
216
palmaris longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial epicondyle of humerus
I--fascia of palm (palmar aponeurosis)
I--fascia of palm (palmar aponeurosis)
217
flexor carpi ulnaris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon and posterior surface of ulna
I--pisiform and hamate bones and base of fifth metacarpal
I--pisiform and hamate bones and base of fifth metacarpal
218
flexor digitorum superficialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna; shaft of radius
I--by four tendons into middle phlanges of fingers II-V
I--by four tendons into middle phlanges of fingers II-V
219
flexor pollicis longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I--distal phalanx of thum
I--distal phalanx of thum
220
flexor digitorum profundus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anteromedial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I--by four tendons into distal phalanges of fingers II-V
I--by four tendons into distal phalanges of fingers II-V
221
pronator quadratus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--distal portion of anterior ulnar shaft
I--distal surface of anterior radius
I--distal surface of anterior radius
222
extensor carpi radialis longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I--base of second metacarpal
I--base of second metacarpal
223
extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus
I--base of third metacarpal
I--base of third metacarpal
224
extensor digitorum: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus
I--by four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of fingers II-V
I--by four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of fingers II-V
225
extensor carpi ulnaris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
I--base of fifth metacarpal
I--base of fifth metacarpal
226
supinator: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal ulna
I--proximal end of radius
I--proximal end of radius
227
abductor pollicis longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--posterior surface of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane
I--base of first metacarpal and trapezium
I--base of first metacarpal and trapezium
228
extensor pollicis brevis and longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--dorsal shaft of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane
I--base of proximal (brevis) and distal (longus) phalanx of thumb
I--base of proximal (brevis) and distal (longus) phalanx of thumb
229
extensor indicis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--posterior surface of distal ulna; interosseous membrane
I--extensor expansion of index finger; joins tendon of extensor digitorum
I--extensor expansion of index finger; joins tendon of extensor digitorum
230
abductor pollicis brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
"O--flexor retinaculum and nearby carpals
I--lateral base of thumb's proximal phalanx"
I--lateral base of thumb's proximal phalanx"
231
flexor pollicis brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--flexor retinaculum and nearby carpals
I--lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
I--lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
232
opponens pollicis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--flexor retinaculum and trapezium
I--whole anterior side of metacarpal I
I--whole anterior side of metacarpal I
233
adductor pollicis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--capitate bone and bases of metacarpals II-IV; front of metacarpal III
I--medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
I--medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
234
abductor digiti minimi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
"O--pisiform bone
I--medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger
O--calcaneal tuberosity
I--lateral side of base of little toe's proximal phalanx"
I--medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger
O--calcaneal tuberosity
I--lateral side of base of little toe's proximal phalanx"
235
flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--hamate bone and flexor retinaculum
I--same as abductor digiti minimi (medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger)
O--base of metatarsal V and sheath of fibularis longus tendon
I--base of proximal phalanx of toe V
I--same as abductor digiti minimi (medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger)
O--base of metatarsal V and sheath of fibularis longus tendon
I--base of proximal phalanx of toe V
236
opponens digiti minimi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--same as flexor digiti minimi brevis (hamate bone and flexor retinaculum)
I--most of length of medial side of metacarpal V
I--most of length of medial side of metacarpal V
237
lumbricals: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--lateral side of each tendon of flexor digitorum profundus in palm
I--lateral edge of extensor expansion on first phalanx of fingers II-V
O--from each tendon of flexor digitorum longus
I--extensor expansion on proximal phalanx of toes II-V, medial side
I--lateral edge of extensor expansion on first phalanx of fingers II-V
O--from each tendon of flexor digitorum longus
I--extensor expansion on proximal phalanx of toes II-V, medial side
238
palmar interossei: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--the side of each metacarpal that faces the midaxis of the hand (metacarpal III); but absent from metacarpal III
I--extensor expansion on first phalanx of each finger (except finger III), on side facing midaxis of hand
I--extensor expansion on first phalanx of each finger (except finger III), on side facing midaxis of hand
239
dorsal interossei: origin (O) and insertion (I)
I--sides of metacarpals
I--extensor expansion over first phalanx of fingers II-IV on side opposite midaxis of hand (finger III), but on both sides of finger III
I--extensor expansion over first phalanx of fingers II-IV on side opposite midaxis of hand (finger III), but on both sides of finger III
240
iliacus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
241
psoas major: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--by fleshy slips from transverse processes, bodies, and discs of lumbar vertebrae and T12
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
242
tensor fasciae latae: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
I--iliotibial tract
I--iliotibial tract
243
sartorius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior superior iliac spine
I--winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
I--winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
244
rectus femoris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior infderior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I--patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
I--patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
245
vastus lateralis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
246
vastus medialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, intertrochanteric line
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
247
vastus intermedius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
248
pectineus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--pectineal line of pubis (and superior ramus)
I--a line from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur
I--a line from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur
249
gracilis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus
I--medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle
I--medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle
250
adductor longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
O--pubis near pubic symphysis
I--linea aspera
I--linea aspera
251
Bipartite muscle consisting of frontal and occipital bellies connected by the epicranial aponeurosis. The alternate actions of these two muscles pull scalp anteriorly and posteriorly
Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis): Description
252
covers forehead and dome of skull; no bony attachments
frontal belly: description
253
overlies posterior occiput; by pulling on the epicranial aponeuronsis, fixes origin of the frontal belly
occipital belly: description
254
small muscle to eyebrow; acts with orbicularis oculi
corrugator supercilii: description
255
thin, flat sphincter muscle of eyelid; surrounds rim of the orbit
orbicularis oculi: description
256
muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth
zygomaticus: description
257
multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly
orbicularis oris: description
258
one of the muscle pair forming a V-shaped muscle mass on chin
mentalis: description
259
unpaired, thin, sheetlike superficial neck muscle; not strictly a head muscle, but plays a role in facial expression
platysma: description
260
slender muscle inferior and lateral to zygomaticus
risorius: description
261
thin muscle between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin
levator labii superioris: description
262
small muscle running from mandible to lower lip
depressor labii inferioris: description
263
small muscle lateral to depressor labii inferioris
depressor anguli oris: description
264
thin, horizontal cheek muscle; principal muscle of cheek; deep to masseter
buccinator: description
265
powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of ramus of mandible
masseter: description
266
fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal, and parietal bones
temporalis: description
267
deep two-headed muscle that runs along internal surface of mandible and is largely concealed by that bone
medial pterygoid: description
268
deep two-headed muscle; lies superior to medial pterygoid muscle
lateral pterygoid: description
269
fan-shaped muscle; forms bult of inferior part of tongue; its attachment to mandible prevents tongue from falling backward and obstructing respiration
genioglossus: description
270
flat, quadrilateral muscle
hyoglossus: description
271
slender muscle running superiorly to and at right angles to hyoglossus
styloglossus: description
272
consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon, forming a V shape under the chin
digastric: description
273
slender muscle below angle of jaw; parallels posterior belly of digastric muscle
stylohyoid: description
274
flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric muscle; this muscle pair forms a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth
mylohyoid: description
275
narrow muscle in contact with its partner medially; runs from chin to hyoid bone deep to mylohyoid
geniohyoid: description
276
most medial muscle of the neck; thin; superficial except inferiorly, where covered by sternocleidomastoid
sternohyoid: description
277
lateral and deep to sternohyoid
sternothyroid: description
278
straplike muscle with two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; lateral to sternohyoid
omohyoid: description
279
appears as a superior continuation of sternothyroid muscle
thyrohyoid: description
280
composite of three pair muscles whose fibers run circularly in pharynx wall; arranged so that the superior mescle is innermost and inferior one is outermost; substantial overlap
superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors: description
281
two-headed muscle located deep to platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
sternocleidomastoid: description
282
located more laterally than anteriorly on neck; deep to platysma and sternocleidomastoid
scalences: description
283
broad bipartite superficial muscle (capitis and cervicis parts) extending from upper thoracic vertebrae to skull
splenius: description
284
most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck
iliocostalis: description
285
intermediate tripartite muscle group of erector spinae; extend by many muscle slips from lumbar region to skull; mainly pass between transverse processes of the vertebrae
longissimus: description
286
most medial muscle column of erector spinae; cervicis usually rudimentary and poorly defined
spinalis: description
287
composite muscle forming part of deep layer of inttrinsic back muscles; extends from thoracic region to head
semispinalis: description
288
fleshy muscle forming part of posterior abdominal wall
quadratus lumborum: description
289
11 pairs lie between ribs; fibers run obliquely (down and medial) from each rib to rib below; in lower intercostal spaces, fibers are continuous with external oblique muscle forming part of abdominal wall
external intercostals: description
290
11 pairs lie between ribs; fibers run deep to and at right angles to those of external intercostals (i.e., up and medial); lower internal intercostals muscles are continuous with fibers of internal oblique muscle of abdominal wall
internal intercostals: description
291
broad muscle pierced by the aorta, inferior vena cava, and esophagus; forms floor of thoracic cavity; in relaxed state is dome-shaped; fibers converge from margins of thoracic cage toward a boomerange-shaped central tendon
diaphragm: description
292
largest and most superficial of the three lateral muscles; fibers run downward and medially (same direction outstretched fingers take when hands put into pants pockets); aponeurosis turns under inferiorly, forming inguinal ligament
external oblique: description
293
most fibers run superiorly and medially; the muscle fans such that its inferior fibers run inferiorly and medially
internal oblique: description
294
deepest (innermost) muscle of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally
transversus abdominis: description
295
medial muscle pair; extend from pubis to rib cage; ensheathed by aponeuroses of lateral muscles; segmented by three tendinous intersections
rectus abdominis: description
296
"broad, thin, tripartite muscle (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus parts); its fibers extend inferomedially, forming a muscular ""sling"" around the prostate (or vagina), urethra, and anorectal junction before meeting in the median plane"
levator ani: description
297
small triangular muscle lying posterior to levator ani; forms posterior part of pelvic diaphragm
coccygeus: description
298
together the pair spans distance between ischial rami; in females, lies posterior to vagina
deep transverse perineal muscle: description
299
muscle encircling urethra and vagina (female)
external urethral sphincter: description
300
runs from pelvis to base of penis or clitoris
ischiocavernosus: description
301
encloses base of penis (bulb) in males and lies deep to labia in females
bulbospongiosus: description
302
paired muscle bands posterior to urethral (and in females, vaginal) opening; variable; sometimes absent
superficial transverse perineal muscle: description
303
flat, thin muscle deep to pectoralis major
pectoralis minor: description
304
fan-shaped muscle; lies deep to scapula, deep and inferior to pectoral muscles on lateral rib cage; forms medial wall of axilla, origins have serrated, or sawtooth, apperance
serratus anterior: description
305
small cylindrical muscle extending from rib 1 to clavicle
subclavius: description
306
most superficial muscle of poterior thorax; flat and triangular; upper fibers run inferiorly to scapula; middle fibers run horizontally to scapula; lower fibers run superiorly to scapula
trapezius: description
307
located at back and side of neck, deep to trapezius; thick, straplike muscle
levator scapulae: description
308
two rectangular muscles lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae; rhomboid minor is the more superior muscle
rhomboids: description
309
large, fan-shaped muscle covering upper portion of cheste; forms anterior axillary fold; divided into clavicular and sternal parts
pectoralis major: description
310
thick, multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass; a site commonly used for intramuscular injection, particularly in males, where it tends to be quite fleshy
deltoid: description
311
broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back (lumbar region); extensive superficial origins; covered by trapezius superiorly; contributes to the posterior wall of axilla
latissimus dorsi: description
312
thick, rounded muscle; located inferior to teres minor, helps to form posterior wall of axilla (along with latissimus dorsi and subscapularis)
teres major: description
313
a rotator cuff muscle; forms part of posterior wall of axilla; tendon of insertion passes in front of shoulder joint
subscapularis: description
314
a rotator cuff muscle; named for its location on posterior aspect of scapula; deep to trapezius
supraspinatus: description
315
a rotator cuff muscle; partially covered by deltoid and trapezius; named for its scapular location
infraspinatus: description
316
a rotator cuff muscle; small, elongated muscle; lies inferior to infraspinatus and may be inseperable from that muscle
teres minor: description
317
small, cylindrical muscle; located in anterior compartment of arm
coracobrachialis: description
318
large fleshy muscle; the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm; three-headed origin; long and lateral heads lie superficial to medial head
triceps brachii: description
319
short triangular muscle; closely associated with distal end of triceps on posterior humerus
anconeus: description
320
superficial muscle of lateral forearm; forms lateral boundary of cubital fossa; extends from distal humerus to distal forearm; develops from extensor muscle group; functionally a flexor
brachioradialis: description
321
two-headed fusiform muscle; bellies unite as insertion point is approached; tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint
biceps brachii: description
322
strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus
brachialis: description
323
two-headed muscle; seen in superficial view between proximal margins of brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis; forms medial boundary of cubital fossa
pronator teres: description
324
runs diagonally across forearm; midway, its fleshy belly is replaced by a flat tendon that becomes cordlike at wrist
flexor carpi radialis: description
325
small fleshy muscle with a long insertion tendon; often absent; may be used as guid to find median nerve that lies lateral to it at wrist
palmaris longus: description
326
most medial muscle of this grop; two-headed; ulnar nerve lies lateral to its tendon
flexor carpi ulnaris: description
327
two-headed muscle; more deeply placed, overlain by superficial muscles but visible at distal end of forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis: description
328
partly covered by flexor digitorum superficialis; lies lateral and parallel to flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus: description
329
extensive origin; overlain entirely by flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus: description
330
deepest muscle of distal forearm; passes downward and laterally; only muscle that arises solely from ulna and inserts solely into radius
pronator quadratus: description
331
parallels brachioradialis on lateral forearm, and may blend with it
extensor carpi radialis longus: description
332
somewhat shorter than extensor carpi radialis longus and lies deep to it
extensor carpi radialis brevis: description
333
lies medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis; a detached portion of this muscle, called extensor digiti minimi, extends little finger
extensor digitorum: description
334
most medial of superficial posterior muscles; long, slender muscle
extensor carpi ulnaris: description
335
deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow; largely concealed by superficial muscles
supinator: description
336
lateral and parallel to extensor pollicis longus; just distal to supinator
abductor pollicis longus: description
337
deep muscle pair with a common origin and action; overlain by extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor pollicis brevis and longus: description
338
tiny muscle arising close to wrist
extensor indicis: description
339
lateral muscle of thenar group; superficial
abductor pollicis brevis: description
340
medial and deep muscle of thenar group
flexor pollicis brevis: description
341
deep to adbuctor pollicis brevis, on metacarpal I
opponens pollicis: description
342
fan-shaped with horizontal fibers; distal to otehr thenar muscles; oblique and transverse heads
adductor pollicis: description
343
medial muscle of hypothenar group; superficial (hand)
most lateral of the three superficial sole muscles (foot)
most lateral of the three superficial sole muscles (foot)
abductor digiti minimi: description
344
lateral deep muscle of hypothenar group (hand)
covers metatarsal V (foot)
covers metatarsal V (foot)
flexor digiti minimi brevis: description
345
deep to abductor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi: description
346
four worm-shaped muscles in palm [or sole], one to each finger [/toe](except thumb [/big toe]); unusual because they originate from the tendons of another muscle
lumbricals: description
347
four long, cone-shaped muscles in the spaces between the metacarpals; lie ventral to the dorsal interossei
palmar interossei: description
348
four bipennate muscles filling spaces between the metacarpals; deepest palm muscles, also visible on dorsal side of hand
dorsal interossei: description
349
large fan-shaped, more lateral muscle (of iliopsoas)
iliacus: description
350
longer, thicker, more medial muscle of the pair (of iliopsoas). (Butchers refer to this muscle, in beef or pork, as the tenderloin)
psoas major: description
351
enclosed between fascia layers of anterolateral aspect of thigh; functionally associated with medial rotators and flexors of thigh
tensor fasciae latae: description
352
straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; longest muscle in body; crosses both hip and knee joints
sartorius: description
353
superficial muscle of anterior thigh; runs straight down thigh; longest head and only muscle of group to cross hip joint
rectus femoris: description
354
largest head of the group, forms lateral aspect of thigh; a common intramuscular injection site
vastus lateralis: description
355
forms inferomedial aspect of thigh
vastus medialis: description
356
obscured by rectus femoris; lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh
vastus intermedius: description
357
short, flat muscle; overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh; abuts adductor longus medially
pectineus: description
358
long, thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh
gracillis: description
359
overlies middle aspect of adductor magnus; most anterior of adductor muscles
adductor longus: description
360
in contact with obturator externus muscle; largely concealed by adductor longus and pectineus
adductor brevis: description
361
a traingular muscle with a broad insertion; is a composite muscle that is part adductor and part hamstirng in action
adductor magnus: description
362
largest and most superficial of gluteus muscles; forms bulk of buttock mass; fascicles are thick and coarse; a site of intramuscular injection (dorsal gluteal site); overlies large sciatic norve; covers ischial tuberosity only when standing; when sitting, moves superiorly, leaving ischial tuberosity exposed in the subcutaneous position
gluteus maximus: description
363
thick muscle largely covered by gludeus maximus; important site for intramuscular injections (ventral gluteal site); considered safer than dorsal gluteal site because there is less change injuring sciatic nerve
gluteus medius: description
364
smallest and deepest of gluteal muscles
gluteus minimus: description
365
most lateral muscle of the group (hamstrings); arises from two heads
biceps femoris: description
366
lies medial to biceps femoris; its long, slender tendon begins about two-thirds of the way down thigh
semitendinosus: description
367
deep to semitendinosus
semimembranosus: description
368
pyramidal muscle located on posterior aspect of hip joint; infernal to gluteus minimus; issues from pelvis via greater sciatic notch
piriformis: description
369
flat, triangular muscle deep in upper midal aspect of thigh
obturator exterus: description
370
surrounds obturator foramen within pelvis; leaves pelvis via lesser sciatic notch and turns acutely forward to insert on femur
obturator internus: description
371
two small muscles with common insertions and actions; considered extrapelvic portions of obturator internus
gemellus: description
372
short, thick muscle; most inferior of lateral rotator muscles; extends laterally from pelvis
quadratus femoris: description
373
superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels shaprt anterior margin of tibia
tibialis anterior: description
374
unipennate muscle on anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior muscle
extensor digitorum longus: description
375
small muscle; usually continuous and fused with distal part of extensor digitorum longus; not always present
fibularis (peroneus) tertius: description
376
deep to extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior; narrow origin
extensor hallucis longus: description
377
superficial lateral muscle; overlies fibula
fibularis (peroneus) longus: description
378
smaller muscle; deep to fibularis langus; enclosed in a common sheath
fibularis (peroneus) brevis: description
379
superficial muscle of pair (triceps surae); two prominent bellies that form proximal curve of calf
gastrocnemius: description
380
broat, flat muscle, deep to gastrocnemius on posterior surface of calf
soleus: description
381
generally a small, feeble muscle, but varies in size and extent; may be absent
plantaris: description
382
thin, triangular muscle at posterior knee; passes downward and medially to tibial surface
popliteus: description
383
long, narrow muscle; runs medial to and partially ovenlies tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus: description
384
bipennate muscle; lies lateral to inferior aspect of tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus: description
385
thick, flat muscle dep to soleus; placed between posterior flexors
tibialis posterior: description
386
small, four-part muscle on dorsum of foot; deep to the tendons of extensor digitorum longus; corresponds to the extensor indicis and extensor pollicis muscles of forearm
extensor digitorum brevis: description
387
(first layer, most superficial), bandlike muscle in middle of sole; corresponds to flexor digitorum sperficialis of forearm and inserts into digits in the same way
flexor digitorum brevis: description
388
(first layer, most superficial), lies medial to flexor digitorum brevis (recall the similar thumb muscle, abductor pollicis brevis)
abductor hallucios: description
389
(second layer), retangular muscle just deep to flexor digitorum brevis in posterior half of sole; two heads
flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae): description
390
(third layer), covers metatarsal I; splits into two bellies--recall flexor pollicis brevis of thumb
flexor hallucis brevis: description
391
(third layer), oblique and transverse heads; deep to lumbricals (recall adductor pollicis in thumb)
adductor hallucis: description
392
(fourth layer), three plantar and four dorsal; similar to palmar and dorsal interossei of hand in lacations, attachments, and actions; however, the long axis of foot around which these muscles orienty is the secnd digit, not third
plantar and dorsal interossei: description
393
O--epicranial aponeurosis
I--skin of eyebrows and root of nose
I--skin of eyebrows and root of nose
frontal belly: origin (O) and insertion (I)
394
O--occipital and temporal (mastoid) bones
I--epicranial aponeurosis
I--epicranial aponeurosis
occipital belly: origin (O) and insertion (I)
395
O--arch of frontal bone above nasal bone
I--skin of eyebrow
I--skin of eyebrow
corrugator supercilli: origin (O) and insertion (I)
396
O--frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
I--tissue of eyelid
I--tissue of eyelid
orbicularis oculi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
397
O--zygomatic bone
I--skin and muscle at corner of mouth
I--skin and muscle at corner of mouth
zygomaticus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
398
O--arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles asociated with the lips
I--encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
I--encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
orbicularis oris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
399
O--mandible below incisors
I--skin of chin
I--skin of chin
mentalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
400
O--fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoi)
I--lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth
I--lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth
platysma: origin (O) and insertion (I)
401
O--lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle
I--skin at angle of mouth
I--skin at angle of mouth
risorius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
402
O--zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla
I--skin and muscle of upper lip
I--skin and muscle of upper lip
levator labii superioris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
403
O--body of mandible lateral to its midline
I--skin and muscle of lower lip
I--skin and muscle of lower lip
depressor labii inferioris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
404
O--body of mandible below incisors
I--skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus
I--skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus
depressor anguli oris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
405
O--molar region of maxilla and mandible
I--orbicularis oris
I--orbicularis oris
buccinator: origin (O) and insertion (I)
406
O--zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
I--angle and ramus of mandible
I--angle and ramus of mandible
masseter: origin (O) and insertion (I)
407
O--temporal fossa
I--coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch
I--coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch
temporalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
408
O--medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone
I--medial surface of mandible near its angle
I--medial surface of mandible near its angle
medial pterygoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
409
O--greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I--condylar process of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint
I--condylar process of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint
lateral pterygoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
410
O--internal surface of mandible near symphysis
I--inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone
I--inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone
genioglossus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
411
O--body and greater horn of hyoid bone
I--inferolateral tongue
I--inferolateral tongue
syoglossus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
412
O--styloid process of temporal bone
I--lateral inferior aspect of tongue
I--lateral inferior aspect of tongue
styloglossus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
413
O--lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)
I--by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
I--by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
digastric: origin (O) and insertion (I)
414
O--styloid process of temporal bone
I--hyoid bone
I--hyoid bone
stylohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
415
O--medial surface of mandible
I--hyoid bone and median raphe
I--hyoid bone and median raphe
mylohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
416
O--inner surface of mandibular symphysis
I--hyoid bone
I--hyoid bone
geniohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
417
O--manubrium and medial end of clavicle
I--lower margin of hyoid bone
I--lower margin of hyoid bone
sternohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
418
O--posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I--thyroid cartilage
I--thyroid cartilage
sternothyroid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
419
O--superior surface of scapula
I--hyoid bone, lower border
I--hyoid bone, lower border
omohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
420
O--thyroid cartilage
I--hyoid bone
I--hyoid bone
thyrohyoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
421
O--attached anteriorly to mandible and medial pterygoid plate (superior), hyoid bone (middle), and laryngeal cartilages (inferior)
I--posterior median raphe of pharynx
I--posterior median raphe of pharynx
superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors: origin (O) and insertion (I)
422
O--manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
sternocleidomastoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
423
O--transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I--anteriorlaterally on first two ribs
I--anteriorlaterally on first two ribs
scalenes: origin (O) and insertion (I)
424
O--ligamentum nuchae. spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T6
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitis); transverse processes of C2-C4 vertebrae (cervicis)
I--mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitis); transverse processes of C2-C4 vertebrae (cervicis)
splenius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
425
O--iliac crests (lumborum); inferior 6 ribs (thoracis); ribs 3 to 6 (cervicis)
I--angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis); transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C6-C4 (cervicis)
I--angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis); transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C6-C4 (cervicis)
iliocostalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
426
O--transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I--transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone
I--transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone
longissimus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
427
O--spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
I--spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
I--spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
spinalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
428
O--transverse processes of C7-T12
I--occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical (cervicis) and thoracic vertebrae T1 to T4 (thoracis)
I--occipital bone (capitis) and spinous processes of cervical (cervicis) and thoracic vertebrae T1 to T4 (thoracis)
semispinalis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
429
O--iliac crest and lumbar fascia
I--transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib
I--transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib
quadratus lumborum: origin (O) and insertion (I)
430
O--inferior border of rib above
I--superior border of rib below
I--superior border of rib below
external intercostals: origin (O) and insertion (I)
431
O--superior border of rib below
I--inferior border (costal groove) of rib above
I--inferior border (costal groove) of rib above
internal intercostals: origin (O) and insertion (I)
432
O--inferior internal nurface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs, and lumbar vertebrae
I--central tendon
I--central tendon
diaphragm: origin (O) and insertion (I)
433
O--by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs
I--most fibers insert into linea alba via a broad aponeurosis; some insert into pubic crest and tubercle and iliac crest
I--most fibers insert into linea alba via a broad aponeurosis; some insert into pubic crest and tubercle and iliac crest
external oblique: origin (O) and insertion (I)
434
O--lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
I--linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs antd costal margin
I--linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs antd costal margin
internal oblique: origin (O) and insertion (I)
435
O--inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last six ribs; iliac crest
I--linea alba, pubic crest
I--linea alba, pubic crest
transversus abdominis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
436
O--pubic crest and symphysis
I--xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
I--xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
rectus abdominis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
437
O--extensive linear origin inside pelvis from pubis to ischial spine
I--inner surface of coccyx, levator any of opposite side, and (in part) into the structures that penetrate it
I--inner surface of coccyx, levator any of opposite side, and (in part) into the structures that penetrate it
levator ani: origin (O) and insertion (I)
438
O--spine of ischium
I--sacrum and coccyx
I--sacrum and coccyx
coccygeus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
439
O--ischial rami
I--midline perineal body; some fibers into vaginal wall in females
I--midline perineal body; some fibers into vaginal wall in females
deep transverse perineal muscle: origin (O) and insertion (I)
440
O--ischiopubic rami
I--midline raphe
I--midline raphe
external urethral sphincter: origin (O) and insertion (I)
441
O--ischial tuberosities
I--crus of corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
I--crus of corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
ischiocavernosus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
442
O--perineal body and midline raphe of penis
I--anteriorly into corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
I--anteriorly into corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris
bulbospongeiousus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
443
O--iscial tuberosity
I--perineal body
I--perineal body
superficial transverse perineal muscle: origin (O) and insertion (I)
444
O--anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5 (or 2-4)
I--coracoid process of scapula
I--coracoid process of scapula
pectoralis minor: origin (O) and insertion (I)
445
O--by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8 (or 9)
I--entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
I--entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
serratus anterior: origin (O) and insertion (I)
446
O--costal cartilage of rib 1
I--groove on inferior surface of clavicle
I--groove on inferior surface of clavicle
subclavius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
447
O--occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I--a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle
I--a continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle
trapezius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
448
O--transverse processes of C1-C4
I--medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine
I--medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine
levator scapulae: origin (O) and insertion (I)
449
O--spinous processes of C7 and T1 (minor) and spinous processes of T2-T5 (major)
I--medial border of scapula
I--medial border of scapula
rhomboids: origin (O) and insertion (I)
450
O--sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 (or 7), and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
I--fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus
I--fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus
pectoralis major: origin (O) and insertion (I)
451
O--lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
I--deltoid tuberosity of humerus
I--deltoid tuberosity of humerus
deltoid: origin (O) and insertion (I)
452
O--indirect attachment via thoracolumbar fascia into spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3 to 4 ribs, and iliac crest
I--spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
I--spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
litissimus dorsi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
453
O--posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle
I--crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus; insertion tendon fused with that of latissimus dorsi
I--crest of lesser tubercle on anterior humerus; insertion tendon fused with that of latissimus dorsi
teres major: origin (O) and insertion (I)
454
O--subscapular fossa of scapula
I--lesser tubercle of humerus
I--lesser tubercle of humerus
subscapularis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
455
O--supraspinous fossa of scapula
I--superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
I--superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
supraspinatus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
456
O--infraspinous fossa of scapula
I--greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus
I--greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus
infraspinatus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
457
O--sateral border of dorsal scapular surface
I--greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion
I--greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion
teres minor: origin (O) and insertion (I)
458
O--coracoid process of scapula
I--medial surface of humerus shaft
I--medial surface of humerus shaft
coracobrachialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
459
O--long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head: posterior shaft of humerus; medial head: posterior shaft of humerus distal to radial groove
I--by common tendon into olecranon of ulna
I--by common tendon into olecranon of ulna
triceps brachii: origin (O) and insertion (I)
460
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus
I--lateral aspect of olecranon of ulna
I--lateral aspect of olecranon of ulna
anconeus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
461
O--lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus
I--base of styloid process of radius
I--base of styloid process of radius
brachioradialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
462
O--short head: coracoid process; long head: supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs within capsule of shoulder joint and descends into interbuercular sulcus of humerus
I--by common tendon into radial tuberosity
I--by common tendon into radial tuberosity
biceps brachii: origin (O) and insertion (I)
463
O--anterior surface of distal humerus; embraces insertion of deltoid muscle
I--coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint
I--coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint
brachialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
464
O--medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna
I--by common tendon into lateral radius; midshaft
I--by common tendon into lateral radius; midshaft
pronator teres: origin (O) and insertion (I)
465
O--medial epicondyle of humerus
I--base of second and third metacarpals; insertion tendon easily seen and provides guid to position of radial artery (used for pulse taking) at wrist
I--base of second and third metacarpals; insertion tendon easily seen and provides guid to position of radial artery (used for pulse taking) at wrist
flexor carpi radialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
466
O--medial epicondyle of humerus
I--fascia of palm (palmar aponeurosis)
I--fascia of palm (palmar aponeurosis)
palmaris longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
467
O--medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon and posterior surface of ulna
I--pisiform and hamate bones and base of fifth metacarpal
I--pisiform and hamate bones and base of fifth metacarpal
flexor carpi ulnaris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
468
O--medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna; shaft of radius
I--by four tendons into middle phlanges of fingers II-V
I--by four tendons into middle phlanges of fingers II-V
flexor digitorum superficialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
469
O--anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
I--distal phalanx of thum
I--distal phalanx of thum
flexor pollicis longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
470
O--anteromedial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
I--by four tendons into distal phalanges of fingers II-V
I--by four tendons into distal phalanges of fingers II-V
flexor digitorum profundus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
471
O--distal portion of anterior ulnar shaft
I--distal surface of anterior radius
I--distal surface of anterior radius
pronator quadratus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
472
O--lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I--base of second metacarpal
I--base of second metacarpal
extensor carpi radialis longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
473
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus
I--base of third metacarpal
I--base of third metacarpal
extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
474
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus
I--by four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of fingers II-V
I--by four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of fingers II-V
extensor digitorum: origin (O) and insertion (I)
475
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
I--base of fifth metacarpal
I--base of fifth metacarpal
extensor carpi ulnaris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
476
O--lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal ulna
I--proximal end of radius
I--proximal end of radius
supinator: origin (O) and insertion (I)
477
O--posterior surface of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane
I--base of first metacarpal and trapezium
I--base of first metacarpal and trapezium
abductor pollicis longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
478
O--dorsal shaft of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane
I--base of proximal (brevis) and distal (longus) phalanx of thumb
I--base of proximal (brevis) and distal (longus) phalanx of thumb
extensor pollicis brevis and longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
479
O--posterior surface of distal ulna; interosseous membrane
I--extensor expansion of index finger; joins tendon of extensor digitorum
I--extensor expansion of index finger; joins tendon of extensor digitorum
extensor indicis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
480
"O--flexor retinaculum and nearby carpals
I--lateral base of thumb's proximal phalanx"
I--lateral base of thumb's proximal phalanx"
abductor pollicis brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
481
O--flexor retinaculum and nearby carpals
I--lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
I--lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
flexor pollicis brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
482
O--flexor retinaculum and trapezium
I--whole anterior side of metacarpal I
I--whole anterior side of metacarpal I
opponens pollicis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
483
O--capitate bone and bases of metacarpals II-IV; front of metacarpal III
I--medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
I--medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
adductor pollicis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
484
"O--pisiform bone
I--medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger
O--calcaneal tuberosity
I--lateral side of base of little toe's proximal phalanx"
I--medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger
O--calcaneal tuberosity
I--lateral side of base of little toe's proximal phalanx"
abductor digiti minimi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
485
O--hamate bone and flexor retinaculum
I--same as abductor digiti minimi (medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger)
O--base of metatarsal V and sheath of fibularis longus tendon
I--base of proximal phalanx of toe V
I--same as abductor digiti minimi (medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger)
O--base of metatarsal V and sheath of fibularis longus tendon
I--base of proximal phalanx of toe V
flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
486
O--same as flexor digiti minimi brevis (hamate bone and flexor retinaculum)
I--most of length of medial side of metacarpal V
I--most of length of medial side of metacarpal V
opponens digiti minimi: origin (O) and insertion (I)
487
O--lateral side of each tendon of flexor digitorum profundus in palm
I--lateral edge of extensor expansion on first phalanx of fingers II-V
O--from each tendon of flexor digitorum longus
I--extensor expansion on proximal phalanx of toes II-V, medial side
I--lateral edge of extensor expansion on first phalanx of fingers II-V
O--from each tendon of flexor digitorum longus
I--extensor expansion on proximal phalanx of toes II-V, medial side
lumbricals: origin (O) and insertion (I)
488
O--the side of each metacarpal that faces the midaxis of the hand (metacarpal III); but absent from metacarpal III
I--extensor expansion on first phalanx of each finger (except finger III), on side facing midaxis of hand
I--extensor expansion on first phalanx of each finger (except finger III), on side facing midaxis of hand
palmar interossei: origin (O) and insertion (I)
489
I--sides of metacarpals
I--extensor expansion over first phalanx of fingers II-IV on side opposite midaxis of hand (finger III), but on both sides of finger III
I--extensor expansion over first phalanx of fingers II-IV on side opposite midaxis of hand (finger III), but on both sides of finger III
dorsal interossei: origin (O) and insertion (I)
490
O--iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
iliacus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
491
O--by fleshy slips from transverse processes, bodies, and discs of lumbar vertebrae and T12
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
I--lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
psoas major: origin (O) and insertion (I)
492
O--anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
I--iliotibial tract
I--iliotibial tract
tensor fasciae latae: origin (O) and insertion (I)
493
O--anterior superior iliac spine
I--winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
I--winds around medial aspect of knee and inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
sartorius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
494
O--anterior infderior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I--patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
I--patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
rectus femoris: origin (O) and insertion (I)
495
O--greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
vastus lateralis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
496
O--linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, intertrochanteric line
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
vastus medialis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
497
O--anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
I--as for rectus femoris (patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
vastus intermedius: origin (O) and insertion (I)
498
O--pectineal line of pubis (and superior ramus)
I--a line from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur
I--a line from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera on posterior aspect of femur
pectineus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
499
O--inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus
I--medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle
I--medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle
gracilis: origin (O) and insertion (I)
500
O--pubis near pubic symphysis
I--linea aspera
I--linea aspera
adductor longus: origin (O) and insertion (I)
