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Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch10 Flashcards

1
Q

myofilaments

A

specific types of microfilaments that are responsible for the shortening of muscle cells; there are two kinds, one containing the protein actin and the other containing the protein myosin

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2
Q

contractility

A

muscle tissue contracts forcefully, muscle cells contain myofilaments

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3
Q

excitability

A

“nerve signals or other stimula excite muscle cells, causing electrical impulses to travel along the cells’ plasma membrane and initiate contraction in muscle cells”

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4
Q

extensibility

A

muscle tissue can be stretched

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5
Q

elasticity

A

after being stretched, muscle tissue recoils passively and resumes its resting length

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6
Q

sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of muscle cells

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7
Q

sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of muscle cells

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8
Q

skeletal muscles

A

discrete organs that attach to and move the skeleton

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9
Q

striated muscle

A

has dark and light stripes extending transversely across its muscle cells, visible when the tissue is viewed histologically

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10
Q

epimysium

A

an outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounds the whole skeletal muscle

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11
Q

perimysium

A

a layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding each fascicle

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12
Q

fascicle

A

a group of muscle fibers

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13
Q

endomysium

A

within a fascile, each muscle fiber is surrounded by a fine sheath of loose connective tissue consisting mostly of reticular fibers

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14
Q

tendon

A

all three sheaths converge to form the _, the connective tissue structure that joins skeletal muscles to bones

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15
Q

origin

A

attachment of the muscle on the less movable bone (but can sometimes switch), in the limbs by convention is the more proximal attachment of the muscle

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16
Q

insertion

A

attachment of the muscle on the more movable bone (but can sometimes switch), by convention in the limbs is the more distal attachment

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17
Q

aponeurosis

A

flat sheet formed by the connective tissue extending well beyond the end of the muscle fibers (indirect attachments)

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18
Q

myofibrils

A

unbranched cylinders that are present in large numberso making up more than 80% of the sacroplasm, specialized contractile organelles unique to muscle tissue, contain myofilaments

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19
Q

sarcomeres

A

”"”muscle segments””, basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle”

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20
Q

Z discs/Z lines

A

boundaries at the two ends of each sarcomere

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21
Q

thin (actin) filaments

A

many fine myofilaments attached to each Z disc and extending toward the center of the sarcomere

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22
Q

tropomyosin

A

regulatory protein found on the thin filament, forms a thin strand that spirals around the actin molecule

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23
Q

troponin

A

regulatory protein found on the thin filament, attaches the tropomyosin strand to the actin molecule

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24
Q

thick (myosin) filaments

A

consist largely of myosin molecules, contain ATPase,cylindracial bundle in the center of the sarcomere and overlapping the inner ends of the thin filaments

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25
A band
region of each sarcomere of dark bands created by the full length of the thick filaments in the sarcomeres along with the inner ends of the thin filaments which overlap the thick filaments, anisotropic
26
H zone
the centarl part of an A band, where no thin filaments reach
27
M line
center of the H zone, contains tiny rods that hold the thick filaments together
28
I bands
two regions on either side of the A band, regions that contain only thin filaments, light portions, isotrapic
29
titin
springlike molecule in sarcomeres that resists overstretching
30
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
elaborate smooth endoplasmic reticulum whose interconnecting tubules surround each myofibril
31
terminal cisterns
form larger, perpendicular cross channels over the junction between each A band in a myobibril and its adjacent I bands (A-I junctions), stores large quantities of calcium ions
32
T tubules
transverse tubules, deep invaginations of the sarcolemma that run between each pair of terminal cisterns
33
triad
complex of the T tubule flanked by two terminal cisterns at the A-I junction
34
motor neurons
nerve cells that innervate muscle fibers
35
neuromuscular junction
aka motor end plate, the point at which the nerve ending and fiber meet
36
terminal boutons
aka axon terminals, clusters of enlargements a the end of the axonal process that stores chemical messenger molecules, neurotransmitters
37
synaptic cleft
space separating terminal boutons from the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber
38
motor unit
a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
39
recruitment
the addition of motor units to accomplish a movement
40
oxidative fibers
muscle fibers that predominantly produce ATP aerobically
41
glycolytic fibers
muscle fibers that make ATP anaerobically via glycolysis
42
muscular dystrophy
a group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases that generally appear in childhood, the affected muscles enlarge with fat and connective tissue while the muscle fibers degenerate
43
Ducheene muscular dystrophy
most common and most serious form of muscular dystrophy
44
myotonic dystrophy
inherited and slow-progressing, symptoms include skeletal-muscle spasms followed by muscle weakness and abnormal heart rhythm
45
myofascial pain syndrom
pain is caused by tightened bands of muscle fibers that twitch when the skin over them is touched, the sensitive areas of skin are called trigger points
46
fibromyalgia
mysterious chronic-pain syndrome of unknown cause, symptoms include severe musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep abnormalities, and headache
47
sarcopenia
loss of muscle leads to a decrease in muscular strength, usually by 50% by age 80
48
specific types of microfilaments that are responsible for the shortening of muscle cells; there are two kinds, one containing the protein actin and the other containing the protein myosin
myofilaments
49
muscle tissue contracts forcefully, muscle cells contain myofilaments
contractility
50
"nerve signals or other stimula excite muscle cells, causing electrical impulses to travel along the cells' plasma membrane and initiate contraction in muscle cells"
excitability
51
muscle tissue can be stretched
extensibility
52
after being stretched, muscle tissue recoils passively and resumes its resting length
elasticity
53
plasma membrane of muscle cells
sarcolemma
54
cytoplasm of muscle cells
sarcoplasm
55
discrete organs that attach to and move the skeleton
skeletal muscles
56
has dark and light stripes extending transversely across its muscle cells, visible when the tissue is viewed histologically
striated muscle
57
an outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue surrounds the whole skeletal muscle
epimysium
58
a layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding each fascicle
perimysium
59
a group of muscle fibers
fascicle
60
within a fascile, each muscle fiber is surrounded by a fine sheath of loose connective tissue consisting mostly of reticular fibers
endomysium
61
all three sheaths converge to form the _, the connective tissue structure that joins skeletal muscles to bones
tendon
62
attachment of the muscle on the less movable bone (but can sometimes switch), in the limbs by convention is the more proximal attachment of the muscle
origin
63
attachment of the muscle on the more movable bone (but can sometimes switch), by convention in the limbs is the more distal attachment
insertion
64
flat sheet formed by the connective tissue extending well beyond the end of the muscle fibers (indirect attachments)
aponeurosis
65
unbranched cylinders that are present in large numberso making up more than 80% of the sacroplasm, specialized contractile organelles unique to muscle tissue, contain myofilaments
myofibrils
66
"""muscle segments"", basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle"
sarcomeres
67
boundaries at the two ends of each sarcomere
Z discs/Z lines
68
many fine myofilaments attached to each Z disc and extending toward the center of the sarcomere
thin (actin) filaments
69
regulatory protein found on the thin filament, forms a thin strand that spirals around the actin molecule
tropomyosin
70
regulatory protein found on the thin filament, attaches the tropomyosin strand to the actin molecule
troponin
71
consist largely of myosin molecules, contain ATPase, cylindracial bundle in the center of the sarcomere and overlapping the inner ends of the thin filaments
thick (myosin) filaments
72
region of each sarcomere of dark bands created by the full length of the thick filaments in the sarcomeres along with the inner ends of the thin filaments which overlap the thick filaments, anisotropic
A band
73
the centarl part of an A band, where no thin filaments reach
H zone
74
center of the H zone, contains tiny rods that hold the thick filaments together
M line
75
two regions on either side of the A band, regions that contain only thin filaments, light portions, isotrapic
I bands
76
springlike molecule in sarcomeres that resists overstretching
titin
77
elaborate smooth endoplasmic reticulum whose interconnecting tubules surround each myofibril
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
78
form larger, perpendicular cross channels over the junction between each A band in a myobibril and its adjacent I bands (A-I junctions), stores large quantities of calcium ions
terminal cisterns
79
transverse tubules, deep invaginations of the sarcolemma that run between each pair of terminal cisterns
T tubules
80
complex of the T tubule flanked by two terminal cisterns at the A-I junction
triad
81
nerve cells that innervate muscle fibers
motor neurons
82
aka motor end plate, the point at which the nerve ending and fiber meet
neuromuscular junction
83
aka axon terminals, clusters of enlargements a the end of the axonal process that stores chemical messenger molecules, neurotransmitters
terminal boutons
84
space separating terminal boutons from the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber
synaptic cleft
85
a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
motor unit
86
the addition of motor units to accomplish a movement
recruitment
87
muscle fibers that predominantly produce ATP aerobically
oxidative fibers
88
muscle fibers that make ATP anaerobically via glycolysis
glycolytic fibers
89
a group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases that generally appear in childhood, the affected muscles enlarge with fat and connective tissue while the muscle fibers degenerate
muscular dystrophy
90
most common and most serious form of muscular dystrophy
Ducheene muscular dystrophy
91
inherited and slow-progressing, symptoms include skeletal-muscle spasms followed by muscle weakness and abnormal heart rhythm
myotonic dystrophy
92
pain is caused by tightened bands of muscle fibers that twitch when the skin over them is touched, the sensitive areas of skin are called trigger points
myofascial pain syndrom
93
mysterious chronic-pain syndrome of unknown cause, symptoms include severe musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep abnormalities, and headache
fibromyalgia
94
loss of muscle leads to a decrease in muscular strength, usually by 50% by age 80
sarcopenia

Anatomy (42 decks)

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