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Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

hormones

A

messenger molecules produced by the endocrine glands and released into the extracellular space before entering nearby capillaries and traveling to specific target organs

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2
Q

ducts

A

carry the prodect of multicellular exocrine glands to the epithelial surfaces

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3
Q

goblet cell

A

produces mucin, a glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted, forming mucus

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4
Q

tight junction, aka

A

“zonula occludens ““small zone that shuts off”” aka”

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5
Q

adhesive belt junctions, aka

A

sonula adherens, a type of anchoring junction, aka

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6
Q

basal lamina

A

supporting sheet at the border between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it

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7
Q

basement membrane

A

basal lamina plus a layer of reticular fibers derectly deep to it that belong to the underlying connective tissue

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8
Q

cilia

A

whiplike, highly motile extensions of the apical surface membranes of certain epithelial cells

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9
Q

flagellum

A

an extremely long, isolate cilium (the only ones in the humon body are sperm)

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10
Q

basal body

A

centriole at the base of each cilium

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11
Q

collagen fibers

A

strongest and most abundant type of fiber in connective tissues, resist tension (pulling forces) and contribute strength to a connective tissue

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12
Q

reticular fibers

A

bundles of a special type of collagen biril, cluster into a meshline network that covers and supports the structures bordering the connective tissue

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13
Q

elastic fibers

A

contain the rubberlike protein elastin, which allows the elastic fibers to recoil when tension is released and the stretched tissue resumes its original shape

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14
Q

interstitial fluid

A

tissue fluid, derived from leakage of fluid and small molecules from the blood as it travels through the cappillaries

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15
Q

adipose tissue

A

similar to areolar connective tissue in structure and function, but its nutrient-storing function is much greater

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16
Q

brown adipose tissue

A

produces heat and is a nutrient consumer (subcutaneous tissue between the two scapulae, on the side of the anterior neck, and on the anterior abdominal wall)

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17
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

resembles areolar tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers

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18
Q

reticular cells

A

fibroblasts that lie along the reticular network of reticular connective tissue

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19
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

similar to areolar tissue, but its collagen fibers are much thicker, and these fibers run in different lanes, allowing this tissue to resist strong tensions from different directions

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20
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

all collagen fibers usually run in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull

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21
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

elastic fibers are the predominant type of fiber, and bundles of elastic fibers outnumber the bundles of collagen fibers

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22
Q

cartilage (description)

A

a firm but flexible tissue, consisting of up to 80% water

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23
Q

chondrocyte

A

the only type of cell in cartilage; each chondrocyte resides within a cavity in the matrix called a lacuna

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24
Q

bone tissue (description)

A

rocklike hardness, tremendous ability to support and protect body structures; contains inorganic calcium salts, which enable bone to resist compression, and an abundance of collagen fibers, which allow bone to withstand strong tension

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25
osteocytes
mature bone cells (post- secreting the matrix), inhabit cavities called lacuna in this hardened matrix
26
blood (description)
atypical connective tissue, classified as such because it arises from mesenchyme and censists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving matrix, the liquid blood plasma
27
covering or lining membranes
consist of an epithelial sheet plus the underlying layer of connective tissue proper; are of three types: cutaneous, mucous, and serous
28
cutaneous membrane
skin, a dry membrane consisting of the thick epidermis (epithelium) and dense dermis (connective tissue)
29
mucous membrane, or mucosa
"lines the inside of enery holow internal organ that opens to the outside of the body (specifically, tubes of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems); many mucous membranes (but not all) secrete mucous; an epithelial sheet directly underlain by a layer of losoe areolar connective tissue called the lamina propria (""one's own layer"")"
30
serous membranes, or serosae
slippery membranes that line the closed pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; consists of a simple squamous epithelium, called mesothelium, lying on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue; produces a slippery serous fluid
31
muscle tissues
bring about most kinds of body movements
32
muscle fibers
elongated shape and contract forcefully as they shorten; contain many myofilaments, cellular organellse filled with actin and myosin filaments; three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
33
neurons
highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses
34
dendrites
cell processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron like branches of a tree, and transmit signals toward the cell body
35
axon
singular, long cell process that generates nerve impulses and transmits them away from the cell body
36
neuroglia
supporting cells, nonconducting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons
37
edema
accumulation of fluid
38
regeneration
replacement of a destroyed tissue by new tissue of the same kind
39
fibrosis
proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue
40
organization (repair)
process by which the clot is replaced by granulation tissue
41
granulation tissue
delicate pink tissue made of several elements: capillaries that grow in from nearby areas, and proliferating fibroblasts that produce new collagen fibers to bridge the gash
42
adhesions
irritation of visceral organs can case them to adhere to one another or to the body wall as they scare, and can prevent the normal churning actions of loops of the intestine
43
stem cells
relatively undifferentiated cells that renew themselves continually and divide to produce new tissue cells as needed
44
messenger molecules produced by the endocrine glands and released into the extracellular space before entering nearby capillaries and traveling to specific target organs
hormones
45
carry the prodect of multicellular exocrine glands to the epithelial surfaces
ducts
46
produces mucin, a glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted, forming mucus
goblet cell
47
"zonula occludens ""small zone that shuts off"" aka"
tight junction, aka
48
sonula adherens, a type of anchoring junction, aka
adhesive belt junctions, aka
49
supporting sheet at the border between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it
basal lamina
50
basal lamina plus a layer of reticular fibers derectly deep to it that belong to the underlying connective tissue
basement membrane
51
whiplike, highly motile extensions of the apical surface membranes of certain epithelial cells
cilia
52
an extremely long, isolate cilium (the only ones in the humon body are sperm)
flagellum
53
centriole at the base of each cilium
basal body
54
strongest and most abundant type of fiber in connective tissues, resist tension (pulling forces) and contribute strength to a connective tissue
collagen fibers
55
bundles of a special type of collagen biril, cluster into a meshline network that covers and supports the structures bordering the connective tissue
reticular fibers
56
contain the rubberlike protein elastin, which allows the elastic fibers to recoil when tension is released and the stretched tissue resumes its original shape
elastic fibers
57
tissue fluid, derived from leakage of fluid and small molecules from the blood as it travels through the cappillaries
interstitial fluid
58
similar to areolar connective tissue in structure and function, but its nutrient-storing function is much greater
adipose tissue
59
produces heat and is a nutrient consumer (subcutaneous tissue between the two scapulae, on the side of the anterior neck, and on the anterior abdominal wall)
brown adipose tissue
60
resembles areolar tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers
reticular connective tissue
61
fibroblasts that lie along the reticular network of reticular connective tissue
reticular cells
62
similar to areolar tissue, but its collagen fibers are much thicker, and these fibers run in different lanes, allowing this tissue to resist strong tensions from different directions
dense irregular connective tissue
63
all collagen fibers usually run in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull
dense regular connective tissue
64
elastic fibers are the predominant type of fiber, and bundles of elastic fibers outnumber the bundles of collagen fibers
elastic connective tissue
65
a firm but flexible tissue, consisting of up to 80% water
cartilage (description)
66
the only type of cell in cartilage; each chondrocyte resides within a cavity in the matrix called a lacuna
chondrocyte
67
rocklike hardness, tremendous ability to support and protect body structures; contains inorganic calcium salts, which enable bone to resist compression, and an abundance of collagen fibers, which allow bone to withstand strong tension
bone tissue (description)
68
mature bone cells (post- secreting the matrix), inhabit cavities called lacuna in this hardened matrix
osteocytes
69
atypical connective tissue, classified as such because it arises from mesenchyme and censists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving matrix, the liquid blood plasma
blood (description)
70
consist of an epithelial sheet plus the underlying layer of connective tissue proper; are of three types: cutaneous, mucous, and serous
covering or lining membranes
71
skin, a dry membrane consisting of the thick epidermis (epithelium) and dense dermis (connective tissue)
cutaneous membrane
72
"lines the inside of enery holow internal organ that opens to the outside of the body (specifically, tubes of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems); many mucous membranes (but not all) secrete mucous; an epithelial sheet directly underlain by a layer of losoe areolar connective tissue called the lamina propria (""one's own layer"")"
mucous membrane, or mucosa
73
slippery membranes that line the closed pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; consists of a simple squamous epithelium, called mesothelium, lying on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue; produces a slippery serous fluid
serous membranes, or serosae
74
bring about most kinds of body movements
muscle tissues
75
elongated shape and contract forcefully as they shorten; contain many myofilaments, cellular organellse filled with actin and myosin filaments; three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
muscle fibers
76
highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses
neurons
77
cell processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron like branches of a tree, and transmit signals toward the cell body
dendrites
78
singular, long cell process that generates nerve impulses and transmits them away from the cell body
axon
79
supporting cells, nonconducting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons
neuroglia
80
accumulation of fluid
edema
81
replacement of a destroyed tissue by new tissue of the same kind
regeneration
82
proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue
fibrosis
83
process by which the clot is replaced by granulation tissue
organization (repair)
84
delicate pink tissue made of several elements: capillaries that grow in from nearby areas, and proliferating fibroblasts that produce new collagen fibers to bridge the gash
granulation tissue
85
irritation of visceral organs can case them to adhere to one another or to the body wall as they scare, and can prevent the normal churning actions of loops of the intestine
adhesions
86
relatively undifferentiated cells that renew themselves continually and divide to produce new tissue cells as needed
stem cells

Anatomy (42 decks)

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